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BIO202-CH17-Hemostas
BIO202 - CH17 – Hemostasis - Marieb/Hoehn - RioSalado - AZ
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Platelets are? | Cytoplasmic fragments of large cells - megakaryocytes. They act in clotting process. |
| Platelet formation is regulated by hormone __. | thrombopoietin |
| 3 steps of hemostasis | (1) vascular spasma (2) platelet plug formation (3) coagulation |
| Platelets stick to exposed collagen fibers due to __. | von Willebrand factor (VWF) synthesized by endothelial cells |
| Serotonin in platelets __ vascular spasms. | enhance |
| What is Thromboxane A2 & what does it do? | Short-lived prostaglandin derrivative - stimulates clotting - causing postive feedback cycle. |
| Blood clotting is a __ feedback cycle. | positive |
| Blood clotting or not depends on what balance? | Between clotting factors (procoagulants) & anticoagulants. |
| Most clotting factors are made by __. | the liver |
| Phase 1 of clotting involves? | Intrinsic or extrinsic pathways to Prothrombin Activator - slowest step |
| In Phase 2 of clotting... | prothrombin activator catalyzes prothrombin into thrombin. |
| Phase 3 of clotting... | Thrombin catalyzes polymerization of fibrinogen & fibrin mech is formed |
| Platelets contain __ proteins. | contractile (actin & myosin) |
| What is fibrinolysis? | Removal of unneeded clots when healing has occured. |
| Plasmin is a __-digesting enzyme. | plasmin |
| Name 2 mechanisms that limit clot growth. | (1) swift removal of clotting factors (2) inhibition of activated clotting factors |
| For clotting to occur in the first place,the concentration of __ must reach certain critical levels. | procoagulants |
| Heparin __ thrombin & the intrinsic pathway. | inhibits |
| Name 2 antithrombic substances. | nitric oxide & prostacyclin |
| Which vitamin when it reacts with oxygen is a potent anticoagulant? | Vitamin E |
| Thromboembolic disorders result from? | Conditions that cause undesireable clot formation |
| Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) | Involves whidespread clotting & severe bleeding |
| Asprin does what? | Antiprostaglandin drug that inhibits thromboxane A2 - blocks platelet aggregation & plug formation. |
| __ is teh anticoagulant most used clinically. | heparin |
| The anticoagulant warfin does what? | Interferes with Vitamin K in production of some procoagulants. |
| DIC - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation - occurs most commonly when? | Pregnancy complecation, result of septicemia, or incompativle blood transfusions. |
| Thrombocytopenia | Deficient number of platelets that causes spontaneous bleeding from small blood vessels all over body. |
| Vitamin K is required by liver to produce __. | Clotting factors |
| Hemophilia A results from? | Deficiency of factor 8 - X-linked - prolonged bleeding |
| Loss of more than 30% of blood volume results in __. | severe shock |
| Agglutination | Antibodies act against foreign cells & cause them to clump - mismatched transfusion |
| Hemolytic disease of the newborn | Rh incompatibility - so many RBCs are destroyed that fetus dies. |
| hemostasis | Process that stops bleeding & prevents blood loss - including spasms in affected blood vessels, platelet plugs & clotting. |
| 2 ways blood clots form | intrinsic & extrinsic |
| At least __ varieties of naturally occuring RBC antigens are common in humans. | 30 |
| A person with neither A or B antigens is? | Group O - possess both anti-A & anti-B antibodies or agglutinins. |
| There are __ different types of Rh agglutinogens. | 45 |
| The 3 common Rh antigens are? | C, D & E |
| Most americans are Rh __. | Postitive - carry the D antigen |
| RhoGAM is a serum containing __. | anti-Rh agglutinins |
| Transfusion reactions can result in circulating hemoglobin which __. | allows hemoglobin to pass freely into the kidney tubules & causes renal shutdown/failure. |
| An agglutinin is a __. | plasma antibody |
| A high eosinophil count may indicate? | a parasitic infection or allergic response |
| SMAC is a __. | blood chemistry profile |
| Intrinsic clotting mechanism | involves substances in blood itself - enzyme thrombin & protein fibrinogen makes fibrin thread that net blood cells & platelets into blood clot. |
| Extrinsic clotting mechanism. | Triggered outside the blood itself - comes from damaged blood vessels & surrounding tissue - formation of thrombin. |
| Thrombus | Clot that stays where it forms in an unbroken blood vessel |
| Embolus | Clot that breaks free & circulates through blood stream. |
Created by:
Ladystorm
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