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Government - E3 - P3
Government - Exam 3 - Part 3 - Chapter 12 - Bureaucracy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Departments, agencies, bureaus and offices that perform the function of government | Bureaucracy |
| Hierarchical structure of authority in which command flows downward; typical of a bureaucracy | Chain of command |
| Division of work among many specialized workers in a bureaucracy | Division of Labor |
| Treatment of all persons within a bureaucracy on the basis of “merit” and of all “Clients” served by the bureaucracy equally according to rules | Impersonality |
| Development by the federal bureaucracy of procedures and activities to carry out policies legislated by Congress; it includes regulation as well as adjudication | Implementation |
| Development by the federal bureaucracy of formal rules for implementing legislation | Regulation |
| Decision making by the federal bureaucracy as to whether or not an individual or organization has complied with or violated government laws and/or regulations | Adjudication |
| Bureaucrats’ tendencies to expand their agencies’ budgets, staff, and authority | Budget maximization |
| Budgeted funds not earmarked for specific purposes but available to be spent in accordance with the best judgment of a bureaucrat | Discretionary funds |
| Selection of employees for government agencies on the basis of party loyaly, electoral support and political influence | Spoils system |
| Selection of employees for government agencies on the basis of competence, with no consideration of an individual’s political stance and/or power | Merit System |
| Employees who expose waste, fraud or mismanagement in government or government contracting | Whistle-blowers |
| Government contracting with private firms to perform public services | Outsourcing |
| Yearly government accounting period, not necessarily the same as the calendar year. The federal government’s fiscal year begins October 1 and end September 30 | Fiscal year |
| Congressional bill setting forth target budget figures for appropriation to various government departments and agencies | Budget resolution |
| Act of Congress that established a government program and defines the amount of money it may spend | Authorization |
| Congressional bill that provides money for programs authorized by Congress | Appropriations Act |
| Feature of some appropriations acts by which an agency is empowered to enter into contracts that will make payments beyond the fiscal year in questions | Obligational authority |
| Actual dollar amounts to be spent by the federal government in a fiscal year | Outlays |
| Congressional bill that authorizes government agencies to keep spending money for a specified period at the same level as in the previous fiscal year; passed when Congress is unable to enact final appropriations measures by October 1 | Continuing resolution |
| Method of budgeting that focuses on requested increases in funding for existing programs, accepting as legitimate their previous year’s expenditures | Incremental Budgeting |
| Method of budgeting that demands justification for the entire budget request of an agency, not just its requested increase in funding | Zero-based budgeting |
| Identifying items in a budget according to the functions and programs they are to be spent on | Program budgeting |
| Services performed by legislators and their staffs on behalf of individual constituents | Casework |
| The federal bureaucracy consists of about ____ civilian employees. | 2.8 million |
| The ______ prohibits federal employees from engaging in partisan political activities. | Hatch Act |
| The most important policy statement of any government is its _______. | annual budget |
| The office that has the principal responsibility for preparation of the budget is the ______. | Office of Management and Budget |
| Legislation that provides money for programs authorized by congress is an ________. | appropriation act |
| A method of budgeting that tries to review the entire budget of an agency (not just the requested changes) is ______. | zero-based budgeting |
| Recent Gallup polls show that Americans believe that about ____ of their tax dollars are wasted by the government bureaucracy. | 50% |
| The agency that is responsible for conducting studies of the federal bureaucratic performance is the ________. | General Accountability Office |
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