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Med Neuro2 Lect3

Med Neuro2 Lect3 Nociception & Spinal Facilitation: Peripheral Level

QuestionAnswer
Describe the physiological properties of the LARGE fiber system 1.Encapsulated endings. 2.Large myelinated fibers (fast). 3.Low thresholds of activation. 4.Discrimination (two pt) and proprioception. 5.Line labeled. 6.Adaptation.
What does the term "adaptation" when describing Large fibers refer to? ignores repetitive stimuli. **Ex: After you put your shirt on, you only feel it on your shoulders for a few minutes then there is no more stimulus.
Describe the physiological properties of the SMALL fiber system 1.Naked nerve endings. 2.Lightly myelinated/unmyelinated fibers (slow). 3.High thresholds of activation. 4.Nociception and general adaptation response. 5.Frequency labeled (high freq of activity: Pain, low freq of activity: Crude touch). 6.Sensitizat
What does the term "sensitization" when describing small fibers refer to? It will sensitize to repetitive stimuli, lowering its threshold to become more easily stimulated in that area as opposed to large fibers which will adapt & ignore that same stimuli. **Cuts and bruises.
Describe Eudynia (Acute pain) onset is related to the wound and whose emulation is related to the healing process. **Eudynia is a protective warning and a healthy response; it is not a pathological state
Is "Acute" or eudynia pain always instantaneous? NO, it can be insidious in onset and last a considerable amount of time. **it is instantaneous in onset if the injury is rapidly induced.
Describe Maldynia (chronic pain) it represents a pathological state, unrelated to the initial injury and outlasting the repair process. **It is a failure in the nervous system involving altered structure in the peripheral nerve, spinal cord dorsal horn, or higher levels or all 3.
Is Maldynia "chronic" pain adaptive? NO. **Frequently gets worse with repeated bouts or time.
What are the 3 main causes of Maldynia (chronic pain) 1.Bad tissue / Bad neurons or Both. 2.Structural change in the nervous system. 3.Functional change in the nervous system.
Are Primary Afferent Nocioceptors (PANS) encapsulated? Describe their structure NO, they are naked endings in the tissue with receptors on it. **activated by stretch, heat, & CHEMICALS
8 factors that activate PANS 1.Bradykinins. 2.Histamines. 3.Prostaglandins. 4.Serotonin. 5.H+ and K+. 6.Cytokines (IL, TNF). 7.ATP 8.Neuropeptides (sub P).
What is unique about the 8 factors that activate PANs? They are also responsible for mediating vasodilation and are released during an inflammtory response. **thus, these activate PANs, making us aware of the inflammatory response.
3 Neurosecretory functions of PANS RELEASE: 1.Substance P. 2.Calcitonin gene-related peptide. 3.Somatostatin. **Irritation will cause massive release of these, Inc the inflamm response and generating APs back to the spinal cord.
3 different receptors found on the naked ending of PANs 1.G-coupled. 2.Ligand-gated ion channels. 3.Cytokine receptors/receptor tyrosine kinases. **1 & 3 facilitate the firing of APs by increasing ion channels
What modifies G-protein coupled receptors to facilitate AP firing (not generation)? 1.Bradykinins. 2.PGE2. 3.5HT. 4.ATP. 5.Cannabinoids.
What modifies Ligand-gated ion channels to facilitate AP firing & generation? 1.ATP. 2.H+. 3.Vanilloids.
What modifies Cytokine receptors to facilitate AP firing (not generation)? 1.IL-1. 2.TNK-a. 3.NGF. 4.GDNF. 5.BDNF.
5 Pro-inflammatory events induced by the PANs 1.Release of neuropeptides. 2.Degranulation of the mast cells. 3.Chemoattraction of WBC. 4.Vasodilatation. 5.Release of prostaglandins.
When small nociceptive fibers enter the Dorsal horn after synapsing in the DRG, they synapse on __________, which send their axons across the anterior white commisure and enter the ALS/spinothalamic tract Wide Dynamic Range (WDR) cells
What is the process of PANs positively enhancing inflammation which in turn positively enhance the AP generation in the PAN? Peripheral Sensitization. **occurs in response to cutting or bruising.
Created by: WeeG
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