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I. Anat 21
Human Development and Genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The period from fertilization of egg until birth | gestation |
| When ONE of millions of sperm joins the egg, combines DNA | Fertilization |
| When egg and sperm combine | Zygote |
| Fertilization of egg takes place in | Fallopian tubes |
| A change or maturation of sperm that takes place as it is swimming thru uterus and fallopian tubes | Capacitation |
| Becomes more fragile | Acrosomes |
| Allows Acrosomes to burst and digest | egg membrane |
| One sperm enters egg and the ____changes to block others | membrane |
| Nuclei fuse restoring___ number | Diploid |
| #chromosomes from mom # chromosomes from dad | 23, 23 |
| 22 pars of ___(#1-22) | Autosomes |
| 1 pair of ___chromosomes | Sex |
| XX | female |
| XY | male |
| Mitotic dividing of zygote occurs as it is sent toward uterus and continues till you die | Cleavage |
| Morula has # cells | 16 |
| The pointy when mass becomes hollow | blastocyte |
| Hollow space filled with fluid | blastocele |
| Blastocele has 2 layers ___, ___ | Trophoblast, inner mass |
| Outer layer of cells | Trophoblast |
| Inner layer of cells | inner mass |
| Bonding of zygote to uterine wall (5-8 days gestation) | Implantation |
| Implantation stage 1 | endometrium produces carbohydrates during the end of uterine cycle |
| Implantation stage 2 | surface protein on the blastocyst combine with carbohydrates |
| Implantation stage 3 | Trophoblast secretes enzyme that digest surface of endometrium |
| Implantation stage 4 | blastocyst sinks in the crater |
| Embryonic membrane that forms the fetal portion of placenta | Chorion |
| Chorion originates as | Trophoblast |
| Embryonic stem cells | Inner mass |
| Inner mass is where all ___can be expressed | DNA |
| # kinds of cells at birth | 200 |
| Developing human from implantation to 8 weeks | Embryo |
| 12 days plate of cells within the blastocyte | embryonic disk |
| Germ layers after ___ days___layers form that will derive specific tissues | 14,3 |
| Distinguished form embryo at 20 days | Embryonic membrane |
| Gives rise to the first blood cells and sex stem cells | Yolk sac |
| Yolk sac becomes part of ____ | umbilical cord |
| Thin membrane that surrounds the embryo | Amnion |
| What the Trophoblast is called as it develops | Chorion |
| Projections from the Chorion into the endometrium that become fetal part of placenta | chorionic villi |
| When does embryo form with head and limbs and beating heart | 4-5weeks |
| When do organ systems establish | 8weeks |
| Fetal growth ___-__ weeks | 9-40 |
| Maternal endometrium and fetal chorion tissue structures | Placenta |
| Placenta forms at___weeks | 12 |
| ___produces hormones that maintain pregnancy | placenta |
| Produced by chorion of embryo | hCG |
| What is hCG | human chorionic gonadotropin |
| HCG is secreted in ____ | Uterine |
| Placenta birthed after fetus | afterbirth |
| Connects fetus to placenta | umbilical cord |
| # arteries go away from fetus | 2 |
| # veins go toward fetus | 1 |
| Parturition | birth |
| Sequence of events that occur during birth | Labor |
| Labor has # stages | 3 |
| What stage does dilation and effacement occur | 1 |
| What stage does amniotic sac rupture | 1 |
| What stage is mucus plug released | 1 |
| What stage usually lasts 8-12 hours | 1 |
| What stage is delivery of infant | 2 |
| What stage is oxytocin released to increase uterine contraction | 2 |
| What stage is delivery of placenta | 3 |
| As soon as birth occurs what is the fetus called | infant |
| ___stimulates medulla which starts respiration | Oxygen |
| Breathing promotes circulation which closes___ | feramenal valley |
| __ may occur as liver immaturity does not excrete bilirubin | Jaundice |
| Study of genes | genetics |
| Most of our___ are determined by genetics | characteristics |
| When a genes information is used form something such as making a protein | expressed |
| The actual physical genetic make up | genotype |
| Appearance of how the alleles are expressed | phenotype |
| IE: the sequence of bases on the DNA | genotype |
| IE: what the genotype determines | Phenotype |
| 2 or more possibilities for the expression of a pair of genes | alleles |
| Both alleles are the same | homozygous |
| The 2 alleles are different | heterozygous |
| Dominant vs recessive only matters in ____alleles | common |
| The gene that is expressed of the 2 | dominant |
| The gene that is not expressed | recessive |
| A diagram to illustrate how genes are expressed | Punnett square |
| Gives all the possibilities of expression | Punnett square |
| Sex linked traits aka | x linked traits |
| Sex linked traits can be recessive but are always expressed in___ | males ( because there is no dominant gene to suppress) |
| ____factors also contribute to phenotype | Environmental |
| Every gene has been mapped | Human Genome Project |
| Diseases that are a result of malfunctioning DNA | genetic disease |
Created by:
Sarsileigh
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