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CNS- bio5/sc
neural tissue, brain and spinal chord
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| axon collateral | an extension of axon |
| composition of neurons | body, axon, dendrites, all organelles except centrioles, endoneurium, nissl bodies, myelin sheath, schwann cells |
| Somatic nervous system | "of the body", (skin, skeletal muscles...) voluntary, information from CNS to skeletal muscle, somatic motor nerves |
| Autonomic nervous system (ANS) | regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands. Divides into sympathetic and parasympathetic. visceral (internal organs) motor nerve |
| levels of organization of the nervous system | CNS>PNS>Afferent division and Efferent Division> SNS and ANS>Sympathetic division and parasympathetic divisions |
| Pineal gland | secretes melatonin which regulates sleep/wake cycles. located in epithalamus |
| Thalamic function# | relay station for sensation, relays area for information before going to sensory cortex except smell |
| Basal Nuclei# | >control of muscle tone >coordination of learned movement patterns >processing, integration and relay of information from cerebral cortex to the thalamus |
| hypothalamic functions | >controls autonomic nervous system >controls endocrine system >regulates feeling of thirst, hunger, satiety >controls body temperature |
| PNS | all neural tissue outside CNS; spinal and cranial nerves. Carries messages to and from spinal chord &brain |
| White matter vs. Gray matter | White- militated axons gray- un-mylinated axons, cell bodies, dendrites |
| 3 types of synapses | -w/ another neuron -neuromuscularjunctions -neuroglandular junctions |
| Astrocytes# | blood brain barrier; they wrap around capillaries, keeping blood out of brain, protects brain from toxins -supports & anchor neurons -Control chemical environment |
| Myelin sheath# | produced by oligodendrocytes and schwann's cells -protects, insulates and improves speed of nerve impulse |
| Dorsal sections of spinal chord# | posterior gray horn is thinner and smaller, sensory neurons, dorsal root ganglion |
| anterior sections of spinal chord# | anterior gray horn is large and wide, motor neurons |
| Ependymal cells | CNS neuroglia: lines ventricles |
| oligodendrocytes | CNS neuroglia: wraps CNS nerve fibers, protects axons and speeds up electrical current |
| Arachnoid mater | loose brain covering |
| pia mater | adheres directly to brain |
| Protection of the brain | bone, meninges, CSF, blood brain barrier |
| Schwann cells | PNS neuroglia: surrounds axons of PNS |
| Microglia | CNS neuroglia: -phagocytes |
| Cells of the nervous system | neurons-conduct electrical input -neuroglia-supporting cells |
| Parietal lobe function | primary sensory cortex |
| CSF# | surrounds brain and spinal cord -provide liquid cushion that gives buoyancy to CNS organs |
| Meninges# | dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater |
| dura mater# | layer separated forming dural sinuses |
| interceptors | internal (visceral) environment: montiors glucose levels, sodiums levels, internal systems |
| occipital lobe function | primary auditory & olfactory cortex |
| Insula | gustatory (taste) cortex |
| Blood brain barrier# | bloodborne substances are separated from neurons by: endothelium of capillary walls and astrocytes |
| proprioceptors | internal (somatic) environment ex. know when joints are bent |
| Frontal lobe function# | primary motor cortex |
| CNS# | Brain and Spinal Chord. Integrates, processes and coordinates sensory input and motor input |
| 4 basic types of neurons# | a) anaxonic neuron (special sensory) b) bipolar neuron (special sensory) c) pseudounipolar (most sensory neurons) d) multipolar neuron (most motor neurons) |
| Cerebellum functions | provides precise timing of appropriate patters of skeletal muscle contraction. (ex. coordination, balance and posture) |
| Medulla Oblongata functions and divisions | vital reflex center: cardiovascular center and respiratory centers (ex. coughing, sneezing) Olives-relays info to cerebrum&cerebellum Pyramids: cross over of motor tracts |
| Midbrain structures | -cerebral aqueduct, -cerebral peduncles -corporar quadrigemina (superior colluclus; visual relfex, inferior colliculus; auditory reflex) |
| brain stem | Midbrain, pons, medula oblongata -pathway for tracts between higher&lower neural centers |
| Axon# | 1 axon per neuron, contains no nissl bodies or golgi apparatus |
| nerve fibers# | long axons |
| All neurons in the cortex are... # | interneurons |
| Exteroceptors | external environment ex.loss of pain, touch, temp |
Created by:
holt.gracea