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CNS- bio5/sc
neural tissue, brain and spinal chord
Question | Answer |
---|---|
axon collateral | an extension of axon |
composition of neurons | body, axon, dendrites, all organelles except centrioles, endoneurium, nissl bodies, myelin sheath, schwann cells |
Somatic nervous system | "of the body", (skin, skeletal muscles...) voluntary, information from CNS to skeletal muscle, somatic motor nerves |
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) | regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands. Divides into sympathetic and parasympathetic. visceral (internal organs) motor nerve |
levels of organization of the nervous system | CNS>PNS>Afferent division and Efferent Division> SNS and ANS>Sympathetic division and parasympathetic divisions |
Pineal gland | secretes melatonin which regulates sleep/wake cycles. located in epithalamus |
Thalamic function# | relay station for sensation, relays area for information before going to sensory cortex except smell |
Basal Nuclei# | >control of muscle tone >coordination of learned movement patterns >processing, integration and relay of information from cerebral cortex to the thalamus |
hypothalamic functions | >controls autonomic nervous system >controls endocrine system >regulates feeling of thirst, hunger, satiety >controls body temperature |
PNS | all neural tissue outside CNS; spinal and cranial nerves. Carries messages to and from spinal chord &brain |
White matter vs. Gray matter | White- militated axons gray- un-mylinated axons, cell bodies, dendrites |
3 types of synapses | -w/ another neuron -neuromuscularjunctions -neuroglandular junctions |
Astrocytes# | blood brain barrier; they wrap around capillaries, keeping blood out of brain, protects brain from toxins -supports & anchor neurons -Control chemical environment |
Myelin sheath# | produced by oligodendrocytes and schwann's cells -protects, insulates and improves speed of nerve impulse |
Dorsal sections of spinal chord# | posterior gray horn is thinner and smaller, sensory neurons, dorsal root ganglion |
anterior sections of spinal chord# | anterior gray horn is large and wide, motor neurons |
Ependymal cells | CNS neuroglia: lines ventricles |
oligodendrocytes | CNS neuroglia: wraps CNS nerve fibers, protects axons and speeds up electrical current |
Arachnoid mater | loose brain covering |
pia mater | adheres directly to brain |
Protection of the brain | bone, meninges, CSF, blood brain barrier |
Schwann cells | PNS neuroglia: surrounds axons of PNS |
Microglia | CNS neuroglia: -phagocytes |
Cells of the nervous system | neurons-conduct electrical input -neuroglia-supporting cells |
Parietal lobe function | primary sensory cortex |
CSF# | surrounds brain and spinal cord -provide liquid cushion that gives buoyancy to CNS organs |
Meninges# | dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater |
dura mater# | layer separated forming dural sinuses |
interceptors | internal (visceral) environment: montiors glucose levels, sodiums levels, internal systems |
occipital lobe function | primary auditory & olfactory cortex |
Insula | gustatory (taste) cortex |
Blood brain barrier# | bloodborne substances are separated from neurons by: endothelium of capillary walls and astrocytes |
proprioceptors | internal (somatic) environment ex. know when joints are bent |
Frontal lobe function# | primary motor cortex |
CNS# | Brain and Spinal Chord. Integrates, processes and coordinates sensory input and motor input |
4 basic types of neurons# | a) anaxonic neuron (special sensory) b) bipolar neuron (special sensory) c) pseudounipolar (most sensory neurons) d) multipolar neuron (most motor neurons) |
Cerebellum functions | provides precise timing of appropriate patters of skeletal muscle contraction. (ex. coordination, balance and posture) |
Medulla Oblongata functions and divisions | vital reflex center: cardiovascular center and respiratory centers (ex. coughing, sneezing) Olives-relays info to cerebrum&cerebellum Pyramids: cross over of motor tracts |
Midbrain structures | -cerebral aqueduct, -cerebral peduncles -corporar quadrigemina (superior colluclus; visual relfex, inferior colliculus; auditory reflex) |
brain stem | Midbrain, pons, medula oblongata -pathway for tracts between higher&lower neural centers |
Axon# | 1 axon per neuron, contains no nissl bodies or golgi apparatus |
nerve fibers# | long axons |
All neurons in the cortex are... # | interneurons |
Exteroceptors | external environment ex.loss of pain, touch, temp |
Created by:
holt.gracea