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Chapter 14-16 -Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Radical Socialists | radical republican party in France's chamber; patriotic, anticlerical; advanced social legislation |
| Victorian Era | 1837-1901; material progress; literary acomplishment; political stablitiy - England under Queen Victoria |
| Irish homerule | an Irish parliament of their own; granted to Ireland in 1914; included Ulster of north |
| Kulturkampf | battle for modern civilization and the struggle of German cutlure; Bismark |
| William II | made Bismark resign; 'new course'; aggressive foreign policy, antisocialist laws dropped |
| Fabian Society | consisted of workers who stood by their trade unions and middle class critics of capitalism; English, un-Marxist; no class conflict was necessary; content w/small, immediate solutions |
| revisionist socialism | class confilt might not be completely inevitable; capitalism transformed to workers interests; obtain goals in democratic ways |
| revolutionary socialism | workers unions might become top authority in society replacing property, market economy and government; achieve by strike of masses; popular in Italy and Spain |
| Origin of Species | Charles Darwin (1859); evolution; 'struggle for existance' results in survival of fittest through natural selection of the most favored races |
| Sigmund Freud | interpreted dreams (free recall of past lives); wrote The Interpretation of Dreams, where he concluded that humans were not rational |
| Albert Einstein | e=mc2; time, space, and motion are relative to the observer (not absolute) |
| Herbert Spencer | founder of Agnosticism; acknowledgement of ignorance, unknowable to science/forever |
| Friedrich Nietzche | low opinion of modern society; against Christian values; loved courage, danger, intellect, and beauty more; humans driven by instinct, not thought |
| Vatican Council of 1870 | pope is always right and above all else; cannot be questioned |
| John Stuart Mill | philosopher of classical liberalism; actual universal sufferage |
| economic liberalism | revival of tariff use; dislikes free trade and laissez-faire economic system |
| neomercantilism | economic nationalism; tarifs, internal regulation w/out regard to effect on other countries; |
| realism | unrealistic faith in churches(?) of stuggle and rejection of ideals |
| irrationalism | belief in nonrational feelings like nihilism |
| Lenin | leader of the Bolsheviks (more on him later probably) |
| Bolsheviks | 'majority'; eventually become communist party and lead Russian Revolution of 1917 |
| imperialism | political and territorial control of European countries over 'backwards' nations |
| sphere of influence | 3rd type of imperial control; different Euro countries had control of trade, advising, and investment in a specific part of a country; left country independent |
| "surplus capital" theory of imperialism | imperialism rose from capitalists' pressure t oinvest abroad; if capital went more to social reforms, no need for imperialism |
| White Man's Burden | to bring civilization and enlightenment to those who still sat in darkness (English term); condesending and unintentionally racist |
| Napoleon III's Mexican Plan | wanted to establish a secret French state w/French captial and exports; Mexican empire w/Austrian archduke Maximillian as emperor |
| Congress of Berlin | organized by Bismark in 1878; treaty of San Stefano, split up parts of Ottoman Empire; Balkans, Pan-Slavs, and Turks weren't happy; primary cause of WWI |
| David Livingstone | 1841 went to Africa to help with medicine/religious reasons; Africans respected him; discovered by Stanely when believed to be lost by Europe |
| H.M. Stanley | 'rescued' Livingstone and recognized potential for Euroepan colonies; went to Belguim king, Leopold III who started bringing Congo under Belgian control |
| Berlin Conference of 1885 | set up territories of Congo Association as an international state and code for European powers that wish to annex African land; occupation must not be by paper only, but by administration and troops; wild scramble followed |
| Fahoda Crisis | Britain challeneged France's control of Fashoda; there was a stand off between British and French; French backed off, created hatred for English in France |
| Boer War | aka South African War; the Boers were Africans who didnt want to be taken over by England; in war, england killed 20000 women and children; brought w/in British system, but 2 republics were maintained |
| sepoys | native Indian troops |
| Indian Mutiny | aka the Sepoy Rebillion of 1857; war of sepoys between Britain; Britains won; GB authorities now rule directly; hwoever, they rule India through the Indians, not against |
| Empress of India | Queen Victoria proclaimed empress in 1877 |
| Opium Wars | began modern phase of Chinese relations with the west |
| French Indochina | French protectorate over Annam, Cochina, china, Tonkin (Vietnam), Laos, and Cambodia |
| Sino-Japanese War of 1894 | Japan won dispute w/China; Korea as a free state; showed how moder nJapan really was |
| Open Door | China is territorially intact and independent, but spheres of influence allowed; its proposed, liked by European nations (dont worry about Russia and Japan) |
| Boxer Rebellion | Chinese secret society the "Boxers' broke out in inserection in 1899; Euro/Japan/US sent troops against; resulted in Qing dynasty wanted to westernize more and nationalism of China (anti-west) |
| Brussels Conerence of 1889 | an international anti-slavery conference; 'stamp out slave trade in Africa' |
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