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Study Guide Ch 19
Chabner, Language of Medicine 8th Edition, Chpt 19 Cancer Medicine (Oncology)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| metastasis | this term describes the spread of malignant tumors to a distant location |
| adenocarcinoma of the lung | example of a solid tumor derived from epithelial tissue |
| fungating tumor | mushrooming pattern of growth as tumor cells pile on top of each other |
| polypoid | sessile and pedunculated types of growth |
| cancinoma in situ | localized tumor growth |
| scirrhous type tumors | hard, densely packed tumor cells |
| staging a tumor | assessing the extent of tumor spread |
| mutagenic | producing a change in the DNA of a cell |
| mutation | inheritable change in a cell |
| oncogenes | example of genetic material that causes cancer |
| exenteration | wide resection of tumor and removal of surrounding tissue |
| fulguration | destruction of tissue by electric spark |
| retinoblastoma | an example of a known type of inherited cancer |
| modality | method of treatment |
| radioresistant tumor | tumor requires large doses of radiation to produce death of cells |
| notation T1N2MO means | tumor is present with palpable regional lymph nodes and no metastasis |
| electrocauterization | treating tissue with electrically generated heat |
| pharmacokinetics | study of the distribution of drugs in the body |
| adjuvant | assisting or aiding |
| linear accelerators | term used in treatment of tumors with radiation |
| estrogen receptor assay | tests the concentration of hormone receptor sites in cells of breast cancer patients |
| staging laparotomy | a wide surgical incision of the abdomen to detect disease |
| interferon | biological response modifier |
| relapse | return of symptoms of disease |
| osteogenic sarcoma | cancerous tumor derived from bone |
| erythema | side effect of radiation therapy (redness of skin) |
| alopecia | side effect of chemotherapy or radiotherapy (hair loss) |
| fibrosis | side effect of radiation therapy to the lungs (abnormal growth of connective tissue) |
| myelosuppresion | hypoplasia of bone marrow |
| mucositis | inflammation of the inner lining of an organ |
| chemical carcinogen | an agent (hydrocarbon, insecticide, hormone) that causes cancer |
| mitosis | replication of cells; two identical cells are produced from a parent cell |
| oncogene | region of genetic material that causes cancer; found in tumor cells or viruses |
| RNA | cellular substance (ribonucleic acid) that is important in protein synthesis |
| virus | infectious agent that reproduces by entering a host cell and using the host's genetic material to make copies of itself |
| DNA | genetic material within the nucleus that controls replication and protein synthesis |
| mutation | change in the genetic material of a cell |
| ultraviolet radiation | rays given off by the sun |
| inflammatory | characterized by redness, swelling, and heat |
| medullary | tumors are large, soft, fleshy |
| necrotic | containing dead tissue |
| fungating | mushrooming pattern of growth |
| ulcerating | characterized by large, open, exposed surfaces |
| cystic | tumors form large, open spaces filled with fluid |
| verrucous | tumors resemble wart-like growths |
| polypoid | growths are projections from a base (sessile and pedunculated) |
| excisional biopsy | removal of tumor and a margin of normal tissue for diagnosis and possible cure for small tumors |
| en bloc resection | removal of entire tumor with large area of surrounding tissue and lymph nodes |
| electrocauterization | burning a lesion |
| fulguration | destruction by high-frequency electric sparks |
| incisional biopsy | cutting into tumor and removing a piece to establish diagnosis |
| cryosurgery | freezing a lesion |
| pelvic exenteration | wide resection involving tumor, organ of origin, and surrounding tissue in the area of the hip |
| beta-HCG test | test for the presence of a portion of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (a marker for testicular cancer) |
| staging laparotomy | incision of the abdomen to determine extent of disease |
| CA-125 | protein marker test to detect ovarian cancer cells in blood |
| laparoscopy | visual examination of the abdominal cavity; peritoneoscopy |
| estrogen receptor assay | test for the presence of a hormone receptor on breast cancer cells |
| bone marrow biopsy | removal and microscopic examination of bone marrow tissue |
| needle biopsy | aspiration of tissue for microscopic examination |
| PSA test | blood test for the presence of an antigen related to prostate cancer |
| CEA test | blood test for cancinoembryonic antigen (marker for GI cancer) |
| exfoliative cytology | cells are scraped off tissue and microscopically examined |
| radiation | energy carried by a stream of particles |
Created by:
megaly ryan
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