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Final Exam Review 2n
Clinical Lab Final Exam Part 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is another name for the hematocrit in hematology? | Packed cell volume |
| A condition in which the RBC count or hemoglobin level is decreased below normal is: | Anemia |
| What kind of hemoglobin is formed when Oxyhemoglobin releases oxygen to the tissues? | Deoxyhemoglobin |
| The mineral required for hemoglobin synthesis is: | Iron |
| What is the process of solid particles settling to the bottom of a liquid called? | Sedimentation |
| The presence of small purple granules in red blood cells stained with Wright's stain, which results from remnants of RNA and other nuclear material is called: | Basophilic Stippling |
| Among the leukocytes found in human blood, an immature granulocyte with a non-segmented nucleus would be a: | Band Cell |
| Calculated values that compare the size and hemoglobin content of red blood cells in the blood sample to reference values are: | Erythrocyte Indices |
| The process of stopping bleeding, which includes clot formation and dissolution is called: | Hemostasis |
| When platelets come into contact with exposed tissue collagen they undergo: | A shape change |
| Hemophilia B is also called: | The Christmas disease |
| When a sample of anticoagulated blood is centrifuged or allowed to stand undisturbed, a light-colored layer of leukocytes and platelets forms on the top of the red blood cell layer. This is called the: | Buffy Coat |
| The ratio of the velocity of light in one medium, such as air, to its velocity in another material is the: | Index of refraction |
| What is the term used to describe groups of red blood cells arranged like a roll of coins. This is usually seen on stained hematology blood slides. | Rouleaux |
| The anticoagulant used to collect blood for a prothromin time test is: | Sodium Citrate |
| What is the term used to describe a significant variation in the shape of erythrocytes? | Poikilocytosis |
| A hemoglobin molecule that has glucose bound to the beta globin chains is called: | Hemoglobin A1C |
| While doing a hematology blood slide study you find an increased number of immature neutrophil forms in the sample of peripheral blood. This characteristic is referred to as a: | Shift to the left |
| What is the protein portion of the hemoglobin molecule? | Globin |
| The calcium necessary for clot formation in the APTT is supplied by the chemical compound: | Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) |
| What anticoagulant is most commonly used in hematology studies? | K2EDTA |
| In the latex agglutination tests for disseminated intravascular clotting, any D-dimer present in the patient sample reacts with a highly specific: | Monoclonal Antibody |
| A non-granular leukocyte that occurs in response to viral infections and that is common in infectious mononucleosis is the: | Atypical Lymphocyte |
| The collecting of separate objects into one mass is called: | Aggregation |
| A marked variation in the size of erythrocytes when observed on a peripheral blood smear is called: | Anisocytosis |
| The enzymatic breakdown of a blood clot is called: | Fibrinolysis |
| An increase above normal in the number of white blood cells in the blood is called: | Leukocytosis |
| A graph that illustrates the size and frequency of particles in solution is a: | Histogram |
| A way of reporting a prothrombin time that takes into consideration the sensitivity of the thromboplastin used and the mean of the normal prothrombin time in the facility's population is called: | International Normalized Ratio (INR) |
| A commonly performed test that provides the clinician with an estimate of the patient's red cell volume and the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity it the: | Hematocrit |
| What is the term that refers to a tendency toward a steady state or equilibrium of the body processes? | Homeostasis |
| An immature red blood cell that has not yet lost its nucleus is referred to as a: | Nucleated Red Blood Cell |
| Fibrin-degradation products that contain the D-dimer cross-linked region are called: | XDP |
| A membrane-bound compartment in a cell's cytoplasm often seen in moncytes is a: | Vacuole |
| The average red blood cell volume in a blood sample, expressed in femtoliters [fL] is the: | Mean cell volume |
| The form and structure of cells, tissues, and organs is the: | morphology |
| The iron-containing portion of the hemoglobin molecule is the: | Heme |
| The hemophilias are inherited as: | Sex-linked recessive genes on X chromosomes. |
| The liquid portion of blood in which the cellular elements are suspended is called: | Plasma |
| What are the ways in which the prothrombin time can be reported? | Seconds Prothrombin Ratio INR |
| What is a nonspecific protective response to any form of tissue injury? | Inflammation |
| Small, purplish hemorrhagic spots on the skin are called: | Petechiae |
| An immature erythrocyte that has retained RNA in the cytoplasm is a: | Reticulocyte |
| A coagulation screening test used to monitor oral anticoagulant therapy is the: | Prothrombin Time |
| The ingestion of a foreign particle or of a cell by another cell is called: | Phagocytosis |
| A commonly performed test that provides the clinician with an estimate of the patient's red cell volume and the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity is the: | Hematocrit |
| In adults, most blood cells are formed in which organ? | Bone Marrow |
| The most abundant protein in normal blood plasma is: | Albumin |
| A determination of the relative numbers of each type of leukocyte in human blood, as seen on a peripheral blood smear is the: | Differential Count |
| A polychromatic stain, used in hematology, and that is a combination of eosin and methylene blue in methanol is the: | Wright's Stain |
| A large leukocyte usually characterized by a convoluted or horseshoe-shaped nucleus is the: | Monocyte |
| What is the form of hemoglobin that is called "adult" hemoglobin? | Hgb A |
| A large bone marrow cell from which platelets are derived is the: | Megakaryocyte |
| The layers of blood cells that form when a tube of anticoagulated whole blood is centrifuged is called the: | Packed cell volume |
| A shrunken red blood cell with scalloped or toothed margins, as seen on the stained blood smear is a: | Crenated Cell |
| Carbon dioxide in the body is measured as what ion? | Bicarbonate Ion (HCO3) |
| A vitamin essential to the proper maturation of blood and other cells in the body is: | Vitamin K |
| A chronic or acute disease involving the unrestrained growth of leukocytes is: | Leukemia |
| In automated hematology light scatter instruments using laser light, the light is monochromatic meaning the light: | Has only one Wavelength |
| What catalyzes the reaction to form a blue color in the guaiac test? | Iron |
| The blood cell that is seen under the microscope in infectious mononucleosis is called an: | Atypical lympocyte |
| A yeast that causes Vaginitis and other infections, especially following antibiotic therapy is: | Candida Albicans |
| The branch of medicine encompassing the study of the immune processes and immunity is: | Immunology |
| The term used for the study of human blood groups is: | immunohematolgy |
| The developer solution used in the guaiac test contains: | Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) |
| The time between exposure to an infectious agent and the appearance of symptoms is the: | Incubation Period |
| What are three parasitic diseases that have been shown to be able to be transmitted through transfusion. | Malaria Babesiosis Chagas' disease |
| Hookworms are in the group of helminths called: | Nematodes |
| An autoimmune disease characterized by pain, inflammation, and deformity of joints is: | Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| The virus that causes genital herpes is: | Herpes Simplex Virus Type II |
| An antibody derived from a single cell line or clone is: | Monoclonal Antibody |
| The growth of most streptocci is enhanced by incubation in an increased concentration of: | Carbon Dioxide |
| A substance or structure on the red blood cell membrane that stimulates antibody formation and reacts with that antibody is a: | Blood Group Antigen |
| A flagellated parasite that can occur in the urogenital tract is: | Trichomonas Vaginallis |
| What is the medium used to culture a throat swab? | Blood Agar |
| The use of known Antisera to identify unknown antigens on a patient's red blood cells is called: | Forward Grouping |
| The parasite that causes malaria belongs to the genus: | Plasmodium |
| An antibody directed against one's own tissue is called an: | Autoantibody |
| A rod-shaped bacterium is a: | Bacillus |
| The antibody class which is in highest concentration in serum is: | IgG |
| The formation of an insoluble antigen-antibody complex is called: | Precipitation |
| The sexually transmitted disease syphilis is caused by the bacterial organism | Treponema pallidum |
| An antiserum is a serum that contains: | Antibodies |
| Cell-mediated immunity is brought about primarily by: | T Lymphocytes (T cells) |
| A sexually transmitted virus that can cause cervical cancer is: | HPV |
| Any of several forms of a gene responsible for hereditary variation is called an: | Allele |
| The use of known cells to identify unknown antibodies in the patient's serum or plasma is called: | Reverse Grouping |
| A parasite that lives on the outer host surfaces is an: | Ectoparasite |
| The antibody class that is associated with hypersensitivity or allergic responses is: | IgE |
| A condition that is acquired during fetal development, and present at the time of birth, but not inherited, is: | Congenital |
| The allelic genes that are responsible for a particular trait in a person is that person's: | Phenotype |
| Insects, crustaceans, and arachnids are described as: | Arthropods |
| The clumping of particulate antigens due to reaction with a specific antibody is called: | Agglutination |
| Bacteria that lose the crystal violet stain and retain the safranin in the Gram stain procedure are designated: | Gram-negative |
| The common name for a hypersensitive condition is: | Allergy |
| A parasite that lives in the body or tissues of a host is an: | Endoparasite |
| The appearance of antibody in the serum of an individual following exposure to an antigen is called: | Seroconversion |
| A concentrated, purified solution of human anti-D antibody used for injection is: | RhD immune globulin |
| An organism living in or on a host but causing no damage to the host is a: | Commensal |
| A rapid increase in blood immunoglobulins following a second exposure to an antigen is called: | Anamnestic Response |
| Another name for a spherical bacterium is a: | Coccus |
| A disease that is recurring in a specific location or population is: | Endemic |
| Donor blood is routinely tested for: | ABO type & RhD antigen |
| Organisms that will grow only in the absence of oxygen are referred to as: | Anaerobic |
| Microorganisms that are normally present in a specific site are: | Normal Flora |
| The portion of an antigen that reacts specifically with an antibody is the: | Epitope |
| The proglottid is a body segment that contains the male and female reproductive organs, and is found in a: | Tapeworm |
| Another word for something that is concealed or hidden is: | Occult |
| The host, other than the usual host, in which the parasite lives and is infectious is the: | Reservoir host |
| The two main methods of becoming immunized to the Rh D antigen is through transfusion and: | Pregnancy |
| An infection caused by fungi is a: | Mycosis |
| The destruction of RBCs resulting in the release of hemoglobin from the cells is called: | Hemolysis |
| The operation of blood banks is ultimately regulated by the: | FDA |
| An agent that transports a pathogen from an infected host to an non-infected host is a: | Vector |
| A test that is widely used as a screening test for colon cancer is the: | Occult Blood Test |
| Hemolytic disease of the newborn is the condition in which a fetus or newborn is affected by: | Maternal Antibodies directed against the infant's red blood cells. |
| A microorganisms that causes disease in the host only when normal defense mechanisms are impaired or absent is an: | Opportunistic Pathogen |
| The process of removing a specific blood component and returning the remaining blood to the circulation is: | Apheresis |
| In the guaiac fecal occult blood test, a false positive test can be caused by the enzyme peroxidase, found in foods such as: | Turnips [radishes] |
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