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NHA CCMA Exam
Certified Clinical Medical Assistant Exam Practice 2011
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| CC | Chief complaint |
| Segment | Line between two waveforms |
| P Wave | Arterial Depolarization |
| How many 1mm boxes are in a 6 second Rhythm strip? | 30 one millimeter boxes |
| The SA node represents which waveform on the EKG ? | Only the P wave |
| What is the reading you can get from the RR interval? | Ventricular Pulse |
| What is the primary stage of Hemolisis? | Vascular phase and Platelet Phase together . |
| What is Electophoresis? | Analyzation of the chemical components of blood, e.g. hemoglobin, serum,urin,cerebrospinal Fluid based on electrical charge. |
| Positive testing for occult blood in a stool sample turn which color? | Turns Blue on a positive test for occult blood in feces. |
| The stages of Hemostasis | 1. vascular,2.Platelet Phase,3.Coagulation Phase,4. Fibronolysis |
| blood vessels | Aorta,arteries,arterioles,capillaries,venues,veins,superior and inferior vena cavae. |
| Outer connective tissue layer of a blood vessel | Tunica adventitia |
| Inner endothelial tissue of a blood vessel | Tunica intima |
| The inner smooth layer of a blood vessel | Tunica tunica media |
| The standards of right and wrong in a medical setting | Code of ethics |
| What do you find in capillaries? | A mixture of venous and arterial blood is found |
| The average adult has how many liters of blood? | 5-6 Liters |
| What is the percentage of water in Blood? | 92% |
| Percentage of Plasma in blood | 55% |
| Percentage of Formed Elements in Blood | 45% |
| 99% of formed elements in blood | RBC,s or Erythrocytes |
| Where you find hemoglobin | RBC,s |
| Where do all blood cells originate? | Bone marrow |
| How many RBC,s per microliter of blood | 4.2-6.2 million |
| What is the second most numerous WBC? | Lymphocyte with 20-40% |
| Their numbers increases in intracellular infections and TB | Monocytes |
| Their numbers increase in bacterial infections and often are first on scene. | Neutrophils |
| These WBC,s play an important role in viral infection as well as in Immunity. | Lymphocytes |
| Number of leukocytes for average adult per microliter | 5000-10000 |
| Leukopenia | Decrease in WBC,s seen with viral infection and leukemia |
| Comprises 3-8% of WBC or leukocytes | Monocytes |
| Largest In size of the leukocytes | Monocytes |
| Carries histamine | Basophil |
| Injury to a blood vessel that causes it to constrict ,slowing the clod of blood | Vascular Phase of Hemostasis |
| Preferred site for venipuncture | Antecubital fossa |
| Test used to evaluate the intrinsic pathway and monitor heparin therapy | APTT also know as PTT |
| Test used to evaluate the extrinsic pathway and also used to monitor Warfarin therapy | PT |
| Fibrinolysis | Breakdown and removal of a clot |
| Converts the temporary platelet plug into a stable fibrin clot | Coagulation phase |
| 2nd choice vein for venipuncture and most often the only one palpatable in an obese Pt. | Cephalic vein |
| Antiseptics used in Phlebotomy | 70% isopropyl alcohol pads most common, provolone - iodine for BC,s and chlorhexidine gluconate for patients that are allergic to Betadine/ Iodine. |
| Length of needle commonly used in venipuncture | 1 inch ( up to 1.5") |
| Gauge of needle that can cause hemolysis | Smaller than 23 gauge |
| Average gauge of needle used for drawing blood | 21-22 |
| 3 skills of the Phlebotomist | Social,clerical,technical |
| Analytical errors during collection of blood | Extended tourniquet time,hemolysis,wrong order of draw,failure to invert tubes,faulty technique under filling tubes |
| Analytical errors before collection of blood | Patient misidentification,improper time,wrong tube, not fasting,exercise( cortisol levels),Pt.posture,poor coordination with other treatments,improper site prep,medication interference |
| Analytical errors after blood collection | Failure to separate serum from cell(glycolisis),improper use of serum separator( not inverting tubes or not spinning tubes) delays in processing, exposure to light,improper storage conditions,dimming clots |
| Fistula | Permanent surgical connection between an artery and a vein, never used for venipuncture |
| Edima | Accumulation of fluid in tissue |
| Thrombophlebitis | Inflammation of a vein with clot formation |
| Explanation of Hemoconcentration | The increase in proportion of formed elements to plasma caused by leaving on the tourniquet for more than 2 minutes |
| Consequence of insufficient pressure applied after withdrawal of needle | Thrombus |
| additives in green top tube | heparin, sodium,lithium,ammonium |
| why is the green top tube never used for hematology? | Green tops additive heparin interferes with the Wright's stained blood test |
| common tests for the light blue sodium citrate tube | Coagulation studies,PT(extrinsic,warfarin)APTT,PTT(intrinsic,heparin)TT,BT,FDP |
| Common tests for the lavender EDTA tube | CBC,differential or diff.,ESR,sickle cell screening |
| common tests for this color tube are Chemistry tests performed on plasma such as Ammonia,carboxyhemoglobin and STAT electrolytes | Green top tube(heparin) tests |
| How long does it take for blood to clot by normal coagulation process in the red top tube | 30-60 mins |
| The primary purpose is to provide reliable data about a patients health status by ensuring the accuracy of a test while detecting and eliminating error. | What is Quality Control |
| Common test for the red topped tube | Serum chemistry tests, serology tests,Blood bank(glass only) |
| order of the draw for capillary specimens | lavender first, than tubes with other additives, than tubes without additibes |
| Antiseptic not used on a dermal puncture site | betadine ( because it interferes with several tests like bilirubin, uric acid,phosphorus and potassium |
| for which procedure would you warm the site for a minimum of of 3-4 minutes to increase blood flow? | dermal punctures (heel sticks) |
| which are the preferred sites for dermal punctures | the distal segment of the third or forth finger of the non-dominant hand |
| heel sticks are performed on which patients? | infants less than 1 year old |
| where on the foot is the dermal puncture made on patients less than a year old | the medial and lateral areas of the plantar surface of the foot |
| dermal puncture is made in | the fleshy portion of the the finger slightly to the side of the center perpendicular to the lines of the fingerprints |
| what will occur if you puncture the heel too deep? more than 2 mm | osteomyalitis |
| What are the identification requirements for Blood Bank | Patients full name and DOB, hospital ID # or SSN for outpatient,date and time of collection as well as the phlebotomist's initials |
| What does the Toxicology section of the lab analyze? | Plasma levels of drugs and poisons |
| what is the percentage of the population with the D antigen present? | 85 % of the population |
| the 4 blood types | A B AB 0 |
| Which Blood Type has neither the Anti-A nor the Anti-B Plasma Antibodies? | AB |
| This section of the lab uses serum to analyze the presence of of antibodies to bacteria, fungi,viruses parasites and antibodies against the body's own substances? | Serology (immunology) Section |
| Mycology | study of fungi |
| The physical examination of urine consists of | color, clarity specific gravity |
| A low power microscope has a magnifying power of | 100X |
| oil immersion objectives on the microscope reach maximal magnification of | 1000X |
| This objective of the microscope is used for observing bacteria,WBC differential count and RBC morphology | Oil immersion |
| Eyepiece of the microscope | Occular lens |
| focal length is | the distance of the object to be examined to the center of the lens |
| meter to inches | 39.37 |
| high power objective on a microscope magnification | 400X |
| 1000 meter are equal to | 1km |
| 1mm to inches | 0.04 inches |
| 0.3 meter of tubing is how many inches | 12 inches |
| 1kg is how many pounds? | 2.2 pounds |
| Abbreviation for micro liter | ul |
| abbrevation for Decimeter | dm |
| gram stein positive stains | deep violet ( violet to black) |
| Gram stain negative stains which color | light to dark red |
| Bacteria that take up and retain the crystal violet and resist alcohol decoloration | Gram positive bacteria, appear blue to black |
| bacteria that are decolorized completely by ethanol and take up safrin counterstain | gram negative bacteria, appear red |
| Gram Stain Sequence | crystal violet,Gram's iodine,95%ethyl alcohol/acetone mix/safranin stain |
| The degree of angle of the pusher slide | 30 degrees |
| The urinary system | two kidneys,two ureters,bladder,one urethra |
| when checking for hormones in urine when do you collect the urine sample | first voiding in the morning |
| which urine specimen provides the clearest,most accurate results? | Clean catch midstream specimen |
| which urine sample requires aseptic technique? | Clean catch specimen |
| Examination of urine consists of | physical,chemical ,microscopic |
| physical examination of urine consists of | volume(adequate for testing, observing color and appearance,odor,specific gravity |
| what amount of urine must you have to be sufficient for analysis? | 25ml |
| what is the normal range of specific gravity of random collection | 1.005-1.030 |
| normal range of specific gravity of urine in adults with normal diet and fluid intake | 1.015-1.025 |
| microscopic examination of urine requires this amount | 10-15ml |
| Urine Specific gravity | the ratio of weight of a given volume of urine to the weight of the same volume of distilled water at a constant temperature |
| Glycosuria | presence of glucose in the urine |
| normal PH of freshly voided urine | 4.5-8.0 within this range the ph of most healthy patients is around 6.0 |
| symptoms of patients with diabetes mellitus | glycosuria,polyuria and thirst |
| pH of 0 to 7.0 | acidic |
| pH of 7-14 in urine | alkaline or basic pH in urine |
| distilled water has a pH of | 7.0 pH or neutral |
| A urine pH of what is considered neutral? | 7.0 pH |
| a positive urine nitrate test is an indication for | a significant number of bacteria are present |
| what color is a test positive for nitrate in urine | pink |
| the copper reaction test is used for what? | screening for glucose in urine |
| The presence of leukocytes in urine is an indicator for what? | bacteriuria or UTI |
| Urine Screening for UCG or hCG | Pregnancy test |
| HIPAA is for? | Patient Confidentiality |
| the four elements of Negligence are | Duty,duty of care,derelict=breach of duty of care,direct cause,damage |
| Tort | wrongful act that results in injury to one person to another |
| Exampled of Tort | Battery, Invasion of Privacy,Defamation of character |
| Defamation of character by written statement is considered | libel |
| Consists of injury to another person's reputation, name,or character through spoken (slander) or written (libel) | Defamation of character |
| unprivileged touching | Battery |
| The release of medical records without the patients knowledge or permission | Invasion of privacy |
| Good Samaritan Law | Rendering first aid within the scope of knowledge by a health care worker without the fear of being sued for negligence |
| Hypothalamus | regulates and maintains body temperature |
| Functions necessary for life | heart function, Blood pressure,respiration,temperature |
| Rectal temperature range in Celsius | 37.0-38.1C |
| Oral temperature range in Fahrenheit | 97.6-99.6 F |
| Axillary temperature range in Celsius | 35.9-37.0C |
| Tympanic temperature range in F and C | 98.6F and 37C |
| Intermittent fever | fluctuating fever that return to or below the baseline than rises again |
| remittent fever | fluctuating, remains elevated does not return to baseline |
| continuous fever | remains constant above baseline ,does not fluctuate |
| rectal temperature is not taken from the following patients | patients with heart disease |
| when taking axillary temperature how long should it be taken | 5-10 mins or as required by office policy |
| pulse is taken where and how long | radial for 30sec x2,if tachy or brady take it 1 minute |
| explain blood pressure | measurement of amount of force blood excertes on peripheral artery walls |
| BP cuffs too short and narrow can give false reading of what? | hypertension |
| if the brachial artewry is far below the heart level the BP reading can be | falsely high readings |
| while taking BP the deflation rate is | 2-3 mm Hg |
| taking BP hearing two consecutive beats gives which reading | Systolic |
| the disappearance point whilst taking BP is usually what? | a few mm Hg below the muffling point which marks the diastolic pressure |
| Deflation the BP cuff faster than 2-3 mmHg can lead to | underestimation of systolic and overestimating diastolic pressure |
| how long should the arm rest between re-inflating the cuff during BP taking | 1- 2 minutes |
| repetitive inflation of the BP cuff can result in | venous congestion |
| venous congestion cause by repetitive inflation of BP cuff can lead to | artificially low systolic and high diastolic reading |
| Anthropometric measurements | BMI and growth development in infants , children and adults |
| the four principles of a physical examination | inspection,palpation,percussion,auscultation |
| The position used for most physical examinations,Pt. lays on back legs extended | Horizontal recumbent position |
| patient laying on back with knees flexed, soles of feet on bed | Dorsal recumbant |
| this position is used to promote drainage or ease breathing | Fowler's.. |
| this position is used for examination of the pelvic organs | Dorsal Lithotomy |
| Prone position is used for | used to examine back and spine |
| patient lays on his/her stomach with head turned to one side for comfort | prone position |
| patient is on left side with the right knee flexed against abdomen | Sim's Position |
| Patients with leg injuries or arthritis can not assume this position | Sim's |
| This position is usually used for taking rectal temperature | Sim's |
| this position is used for rectal and vaginal examination | Knee Chest position is used for? |
| Never leave the patient alone in the room when he/she is in this position | Knee Chest |
| this position is used for surgical procedures of pelvic and abdomen and also for shock treatment | Trendelenburg |
| if skin or eyes come in contact with chemicals wash area with water for? | 5 minutes |
| MSDS | Material Safety Data Sheet |
| Hyperkalemia | higher than normal levels of potassium in the blood |
| what are the symptoms of shock | pale cold clammy skin,blank stare, rapid weak pulse,fast shallow breathing |
| syncope | sudden loss of conciseness |
| first aid for shock | open airway,call assistance,position head lower,control bleed if any,keep warm |
| cycle of infection | agent>portal exit>mode o. t.>portal entry>susceptible host |
| 2 methods of medical asepsis | Standard and transmission -based precautions |
| Modes of transmission are | contact(direct, indirect)droplet,airborne,common vehicle,vector |
| What is the difference between droplet and airborne | droplet is less than 3 feet, airborne more than 3 feet |
| define medical Asepsis | destruction of pathogenic microorganisms after they leave body |
| what is the least expensive and most available disinfectant for surfaces | 1:10 bleach solution |
| boiling water in today's medical environments is limited to items that | will not be used in invasive procedures,will not be inserted inside the body nor in sterile proce. |
| define surgical asepsis | all microbial life , pathogen and non pathogens are destroyed |
| what is used at250-254F ,15 pounds of pressure for 20-40 minutes | Autoclave |
| used for instruments that easily corrode | dry heat sterilization |
| what is the most important means of preventing the spread of infections? | Handwashing |
| PPE includes : | Mask,goggles,face shields,respirator |
| what defines Standard Precautions? | All patients are presumed to be infective for blood borne pathogens |
| This is an infection control method designed to prevent direct contact with blood or other body fluids | Standard Precautions |
| This replaces Universal Precautions and body substance isolation | Standard Precautions |
| Don Gloves, face shields if danger of splashing ,dispose all needles without recapping into sharps cont | Standard Precaution |
| This is the second tier of precautions used when patient is contagious | Transmission Based Precautions |
| Define Contact Precautions | reducing the risk of transmission of microorganisms direct or indirect |
| special air handling and ventilation are required to prevent | Airborne diseases under Airborne Precautions |
| this is an emerging and important problem in the health care field | Latex sensitivity |
| Every Health care worker with latex allergy should wear this | medical alert bracelet |
| po | by mouth |
| pr | by way of rectum/suppository |
| sl | sublingual |
| IM | intramuscular |
| SQ | subcutaneous |
| qd | every day |
| bid | twice a day |
| tid | three times a day |
| qid | four times a day |
| pc | after a meal |
| qhs | each night or at bedtime |
| prn | as necessary or when needed |
| sig | from the latin,let it be labeled |
| the innermost layer of the heart | endocardium |
| the sac containing the heart | Pericardium |
| a muscular hollow organ located in thoracic cavity between lungs | the heart |
| actually the inner visceral layer of the pericardium | Epicardium |
| serous fluid | prevents friction as the heart beats |
| receives deoxygenated blood returning to the heart from the body | Right Atrium |
| receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium which it pumps to the lungs through the pulmonary artery | Right Ventricle |
| receives oxygenated blood from left atrium and pumps it to the body thru the aorta | Left vetricle |
| The AV valves | Tricuspid and Mitral(bicuspid) |
| The semilunar valves | Aortic and Pulmonic |
| Valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk | Pulmonic valve |
| Valve located between the left atrium and the left ventricle | Mitral or Bicuspid |
| heart sounds produced by closure of the valves | Murmors |
| caused by diseases of the valves or other structural abnormalities | Murmors |
| first heart sound due to the closure of the mitral and trucuspic valves | S1 in the upper chambers or atria |
| S2 in the ventricles | second heart sound due to the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves |
| arteries supplying the heart | right and left coronary from the aorta |
| the ANS or autonomic nervous system is subdivided into | sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system |
| The SP or sympathetic nervous system affects | both, the atria and the ventricles by increasing heart rate, conduction and irritability |
| The PNS or parasympathetic nervous system affects | atria only by decreasing heart rate, conduction and irritability |
| Automaticity | ability of the cardiac cells to initiate own electrical impulses without outside stimulation |
| Excitability or irritability | ability of cardic cells to respond to external stimulus |
| Contractility | ability of cardic cells to shorten (muscle contraction) in response to electrical stimulus |
| Digitalis,dopamine,epinephrine | drugs that increase the contractility of the heart |
| Depolarization flows from | endocardium to the myocardium to the epicardium |
| Results in Myocardial relaxation | Repolarization |
| Found in the upper posterior portion of the right atrial wall below vena cava opening | SA Node |
| Consists of anterior, middle and posterior divisions that distribute electrical impulses by SA to AV node | Internodal pathway |
| Located at the posterior septal wall of the right atrium just above the tricuspid valve | AV Node |
| Found at the superior portion of the inter ventricular septum, pathway that leads out of the SA node | Bundle of HIS |
| Located within the ventricular endocardium, consists of small conduction fibers | Purkinje Fibers |
| this fires at 20-40 beats per minute | purkinje fibers |
| this has a 1/10th of a delay to allow blood to flow from atria to ventricles | AV node |
| has an intrinsic firing rate of 40-60 bpm | Bundle of HIS |
| normal firing rate of 60-100bpm and is the primary pacemaker of the heart | SA node |
| acts as a pacemaker when higher level pacemakers fail | Purkinje fibers |
| Limb leads consists of | 3 bipolar and 3 augmented leads |
| These record electrical potentials in the frontal plae | The limb leads |
| Bipolar Standard leads are | Lead I , lead II, lead III and the chest leads |
| On Lead III which is the positive lead | the left leg is positive |
| What color is the lead V2 | yellow |
| placed at the fifth intercostal space, anterior axillary line | V5 |
| this is placed which lead is placed on the fifth intercostal space left midclavicular line | V4 |
| V1 | fouth intercostal space , right sternal border |
| V2 | fourth intercostal space left sternal border |
| which limb is always the ground | right leg |
| number of electrodes on a 12 lead EKG | 10 |
| 1mV will produce a deflection of | 10mm |
| Waveform | movement away from the isoelectric line either positive or negative |
| Interval | waveform plus a segment |
| Complex | several Waveforms |
| The normal P wave in standard and precordial leads does not exceed | 0.11s in duration or 2.5 mm in height |
| On the EKG paper the horizontal axis represents what? | time 1mm=.004 sec |
| The vertical,.a xis on the EKG paper measures | amplitude or voltage |
| Q wave represents | intial negative deflection produced by ventricular depolarization |
| R wave | the first positive deflection produced by ventricular depolarization |
| S wave | the first negative deflection produced by ventricular depolarization that follows the first positive deflection, R wave |
| The QRS complex | ventricular activation . the ventricle is polarized from the endo to the myo to the epicardium |
| T wave | deflection produced by ventricular repolarization |
| U wave | deflection seen following the T wave but preceding the next P wave |
| what is the PR interval and how long? | P wave plus a segment,0.12-0-2 sec. |
| QRS interval, how long? | no more than.1sec. in limb leads and 0.11 in precordial leads |
| PR segment | line from the end of the p wave to the onset of the QRS complex |
| J (RST) junction | point at which QRS complex ends and the ST segment begins |
| ST segment | from J joint to the onset of the T wave |
| the target heart rate for a stress test | 220- age |
| the percentage of the target heart rate during a stress test that makes it valid | 85 % |
| Normal indication for a stress test | Evaluation of a patient with chest pain and a normal EKG, Arrhythmia,monitoring a PT. with a recent MI |
| hematocrite is made up of | hemoglobin x 3 |
| define hematocrit | The percentage by volume of packed red blood cells in a given sample of blood after centrifugation. |
| opposite of anemia | polycythemia |
| drugs used for a pharmacologic stress test | adeosine,dipyridamole,dobutamine |
| When taking a pharmacologic stress test , it is concluded when | 85% of the target rate is achieved |
| Ectopic Rhythms | electrical impulses originating from somewhere else but the SA node |
| Pre-Excitation Syndrome | electrical impulses of the heart bypass the normal pathway and instead go down an accessory shortcut |
| Conduction Block | electrical impulses go down but encounter blocks and delays |
| Indication for termination of a stress test | SOB,chest pain,dizziness, blood pressure abnormalities |
| Ischemia | decrease in amount of bloodflow |
| What is the hallmark of Infarction | The presence of abnormal Q waves |
| when is a Q wave ( hallmark of Infarction) considered abnormal? | >1mm(0.04 sec.)wide and the hight is geater than 25% of the height of R wave in that lead |
| The WHO criteria for the diagnosis of MI ( at least two of them) | Clinical history of ischemic-type chest comfort,changes on serial EKG tracings,rise and fall of serum cardiac markers. |
| List some cardiac markers | triponin,CK,LDH,SGOT,AST |
| What is a negative holter? | a negative holter will have no significant arrhythmias or ST changes |
| How long is a holter monitor worn | 24 hours or longer |
| Why is a holter monitor done? | to rule out arrhythmia's or ischemia |
| how many electrodes are on a holter monitor? | 5 |
| a positive holter is one that recorded at least one or more of these abnormalities | Tachy or bradycardia,ST segment elevation or depression,Pauses |
| when is the event monitor used? | only when symptoms occur |
| List drugs given for acute MI | Oxigen,Epinephrine,Isoproterenol,Dopamine(Intropin),Beta Blocker (olol)Lidocaine,Verapamil,Digitalis,Morphine,Nitroglycerin |
| what is a powerful smooth muscle relaxant with the side effect of headache | Nitroglycerin patch or sl |
| Digitalis does | increases the force of cardiac contractions as well as cardiac output, toxicity in 20% of patients |
| Butterfly | winged infusion set |
| What is the most important task of a Phlebotomist | Patient ID |
| With the bevel upward insert the needle at which angle? | 15-30 degrees |
| Prandial | Fasting |
| What is important to do first after dermal puncture? | wipe away the first drop |
| Timed specimens | Hormone levels,blood levels of medications,monitor Pt.condition e.g.hemoglobin level(internal bleeding0 |
| the BP cuff inflation for a Bleeding time test | 40mmHg |
| Trough levels are collected | 30 minutes before the scheduled dose |
| Indication for Blood Cultures | FUO indication the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the blood(septicemia) |
| while administering a OGTT it is important to take what with each sample? | Urin sample |
| when ore OGTT scheduled to begin? | 0700 -0900 7-9 am |
| the two hour postprandial test is used for? | evaluation of diabitis mellitus |
| the OGTT test is used for? | diagnosing diabetis mellitus and evaluating patients with frequent low blood sugar |
| The 3 hour OGTT is used to test for | to test for hyperglycemia |
| The 5 hour OGTT is used for | to test for hypoglycemia , for disorders of carbohydrate metabolism |
| PKU | test for babies and to detect phenylketouria, a genetic disease that cause mental retardation and brain damage. |
| Cold Agglutinins | antibodies produced in response to atypical pneumonia, must be kept at 37 C |
| ABG,ammonia,lactic acid,pyruvate,parathyroid test handling | Chilled in crushed ice and water mixture |
| Bili | Bile |
| Light sensitive specimens | bilirubin,beta-carotine,vitamin A and B6 and porphyrins(in urine it's the fingerprint for toxicity) |
| which blood tests can NOT be done using dermal puncture | ESR, BC |
| you have the right to caring staff who believe your reports of pain | example of the patient bill of rights for pain management |
| Method of pulse taking used on children and Pt. with irregular heartbeat | Apical pulse |
| Normal reparation range and how long is it taken | 12-20 for 30 sec.x2 |
| Orthopnea | Difficulty breathing when laying flat |
| Define Cheyne- Stokes | Regular pattern of irregular breathing breathing rate |
| Hypoventilation | State in with a reduced amount of air enters the lungs resulting in decreased oxygen and increased carbon dioxide levels in blood |
| Medical Assistant role in physical examination | Room prep,patient prep,assisting the doctor |
| Hazards | Physical,chemical,biological, |
| This technique is not permitted in the lab | Never draw a pipette by mouth |
| Expressionless face and staring eyes are indications of | Shock |
| Agents are | Any infective microorganisms ,viruses,fungi,bacteria,and parasites |
| Define a common vehicle | Water, food, drinking from the same glass, kissing |
| Define Susebtible host | Infectious agent enter a person who is not resistant or immune |
| In the pulmonary trunk the arteries carry this kind of blood | Deoxigenated blood |
| During depolarization the electrical impulses flow | From the endo to the myo to the epicardium |
| During repolarization the electrical impulses flow from... | The epicardium towards the endocardium |
| What fires at 40-60 bpm | AV junction, bundle of HIS |
| Which are unipolar leads? | aVR, aVL,aVF |
| 0.1mV on EKG paper measures | 1mm |
| On the vertical axis 1 large square equals what? | 5mm(0.5mV) |
| On the horizontal axis 5 large Squares equal | 1second |
| Which test is used to evaluate primary Hemostasis? | Bleeding time test |
| How long does is the lifespan of a platelet ? | 9-12 days |
| When the vaccutainer method can not be used you would use | 10-20ml syringes |
| Which tube must be filled completely ? | Light blue sodium citrate tube, to maintain ration of 9:1 |
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