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Final Exam Review CL
Clinical Lab Final Exam Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A method of preventing the spread of disease by separating a person with a contagious or infectious disease from the healthy population is: | Isolation |
| The agency within DHHS responsible for implementing CLIA '88 is: | CMS |
| The quality control chart used to record daily quality control values is a: | Levey-Jennings Chart |
| A measurement of the hydrogen ion concentration expressing the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a solution is the: | pH |
| The branch of medicine encompassing the study of immune processes and immunity is: | Immunology |
| The name given to centrifuge models that can be used for serum separation or spinning urine samples is the: | Clinical Centrifuge |
| The symbol or abbreviation for a microliter is: | m(mu)L |
| The branch of biology dealing with microbes is: | Microbiology |
| The term that expresses the closeness of obtained values to each other is: | Precision |
| A method used to kill or inactivate living organisms and viruses is: | Sterilization |
| The prefix used to indicate 1/1000 units is: | milli |
| An abrupt change in one direction from the established mean is a: | Shift |
| Written Safety information that must be supplied by manufacturers of chemicals and hazardous materials are called: | MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) |
| The agency that offers accreditation to clinical laboratories and certification to laboratory personnel is the: | CAP (College of American Pathologists) |
| The sum of a set of values divided by the number of values is the: | mean (average) |
| Pathogens that can be present in human blood and other body fluids and that cause disease are called: | Blood Borne Pathogens |
| A liquid, solid, or gas dissolved in a liquid to make up a solution is a: | solute |
| The process of checking, standardizing, or adjusting a method or instrument so that it yields accurate results is called: | Calibration |
| The meter is the metric unit of: | Distance |
| A set of comprehensive safety guidelines designed to protect patients and health care workers and which requires that all patients and body substances of any kind be regarded as potentially infectious are called: | Standard Precautions |
| A measure of the spread of a population of values around the mean is the: | Standard Deviation |
| Laboratory containers that are volumetric are used to make: | Critical measurements |
| A person who harbors an organism, has no symptoms or signs of disease, but is capable of spreading the organism to others is: | A carrier |
| The study of antigens and antibodies in serum using immunological methods is: | Serology |
| The person who is responsible for the day-to-day operation of a laboratory is the: | Laboratory Manager |
| A very fine mist that forms when a liquid is spilled or poured is called a: | Aerosol |
| The symbol "m" [Greek letter Mu] is the abbreviation for: | Micro |
| A wide-mouthed, straight-sided container with a pouring spout formed from the rim is called a: | beaker |
| Inanimate objects such as bed rails, linens, or eating utensils, that can be contaminated with microorganisms are: | Fomites |
| A chemical used on living tissue to inhibit the growth of microbes is a: | Antiseptic |
| In units of volume, a mL is one-thousandth [0.001] of a: | Liter |
| A laboratory that performs chemical and microscopic tests on blood, body fluids, and tissues is called a: | clinical laboratory |
| A risk or hazard to health or the environment from biological agents is a: | Biohazard |
| A program in which a laboratory's accuracy in performing analyses is evaluated at regular intervals and compared to the performance of similar laboratories is called: | Proficiency Testing |
| The prefix used to indicate one-hundredth of a unit is: | Centi- |
| The three major types of hazards in the laboratory are: | Physical Chemical Biological |
| The practice of limiting the movement and social contact of a patient who is potentially infectious or who must be protected from exposure to infectious agents is called: | Isolation |
| A voluntary process by which an independent agency grants recognition to an individual by way of standardized testing is called: | Certification |
| Specialized clothing or equipment used to protect workers from direct exposure to potentially infectious or hazardous materials are called: | PPE |
| A slender tube made of glass or plastic that is used in the laboratory for measuring and transferring liquids is a: | Pipet |
| A set of CDC guidelines designed to protect patients and health care workers by regarding all patients and body substances is potentially infectious are called: | Standard Precautions |
| The responsibility for identifying employees at risk of exposure to blood or OPIM lies with the: | Employer |
| The process by which specimens are logged in, labeled, and assigned a specimen identification code is: | Accessioning |
| Measurements made when the accuracy of the concentration of a solution is important are: | Critical Measurements |
| A pipet that holds or measures less than one mL [<1 mL] is called a: | Micropipet |
| A chemical solution of a known concentration that can be used as a reference or calibration substance is a: | Standard |
| Protective isolation is also called: | Reverse Isolation |
| Something capable of causing damage or injury to the host is: | Pathogenic |
| A voluntary process that grants recognition to an organization that meets or exceeds established standards of quality is called: | Accreditation |
| The study of blood and blood forming tissues is: | Hematology |
| The curved upper surface of a liquid in a container is the: | Meniscus |
| A nonreactive glass with a high thermal resistance that is commonly used to make high quality labware is: | Borosilicate glass |
| How close a determined value is to the true value is expressed by the: | Accuracy |
| An organism that does not normally cause disease in a healthy individual is considered: | Nonpathogenic |
| A hospital-acquired infection is a: | Nosocomial Infection |
| Water that has had most of the mineral ions removed is: | Deionized water |
| The prefix to indicate 1000 units of a measure is: | Kilo |
| A substance or solution used in laboratory analyses and any substance involved in a chemical reaction is a(n): | Reagent |
| A retrovirus that has been identified as the cause of AIDS is: | HIV |
| If a urine sample cannot be tested within 1 hour of the collection time, it should be: | Refrigerated (4-6 degrees Celcius) |
| Due to concentration of some constituents in blood tubes should remain capped until they are tested. This concentration is due to: | Evaporation |
| The tendency toward a steady state or equilibrium of body processes is called: | Homeostasis |
| The logarithmic expression of the amount of light absorbed by a substance containing colored molecules is: | Absorbance (A) |
| A substance without definite shape is: | Amorphis |
| The Acetest is a confirmatory test for: | Ketones |
| Which pancreatic hormone increases blood concentration levels by promoting the conversion of glycogen to glucose? | Glucagon |
| What type of urine tests always require a 24-hour urine sample? | Quantitative |
| An ion selective electrode is one manufactured to respond to the concentration of a: | Specific Ion |
| Solids that settle to the bottom of a liquid are called: | Sediment |
| Changes in the concentration of substances in the body occur continuously, aiding in achieving balance. When these changes occur various hormones are released to decrease or increase to bring the body back to homeostasis; as is in the case of an elevation | Insulin |
| The fluid surrounding the spinal cord and bathing the ventricles of the brain is called: | Cerebrospinal fluid |
| What is the most abundant protein in normal plasma? | Albumin |
| What is the major storage form of lipids? | Triglycerides |
| The interference with, or prevention of, agglutination is called: | Agglutination Inhibition |
| The disorder of carbohydrate metabolism characterized by a state of hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency is: | Diabetes Mellitus |
| The logarithmic expression of the amount of light absorbed by a substance containing colored molecules is: | Absorbance (A) |
| The blood concentration above which a substance not normally excreted by the kidneys appears in the urnine is called: | Renal Threshold |
| What is an instrument that measures the light reflected from a colored reaction product? | Reflectance Photometer |
| An anion is the form of an atom with an electrical charge that is: | Negative |
| What type of instrument is used to measure the refractive index of a substance? | Refractometer |
| The results of any testing procedure is reported following the policy of the institution, however, the usual method of reporting hCG results is: | neg/pos for hCG never for pregnancy |
| Something originating from outside the body is: | Exogenous |
| Analytical methods in which the sample is added to a strip or slide containing, in dried form, all the reagents for the procedure are referred to as: | Solid-phase chemistry |
| A chemical substance that is the subject of chemical analysis is a(n): | Analyte |
| The ureter is the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the: | Urinary bladder |
| The specific gravity of distilled water is: | 1.000 |
| What is a device that isolates a narrow portion of the light spectrum, and is used in spectrophotometers? | Monochromator |
| The percentage of light that passes through a solution is its: | Transmittance [%T] |
| A substance that becomes colored when it undergoes a chemical change is: | Chromogen |
| Creatine Kinase is often measured as an aid in diagnosing: | Myocardial Infarction |
| The canal through which urine is carried from the urinary bladder to the outside is the: | urethra |
| An ovarian tumor will cause false positive in a urine: | hCG test |
| Endogenous choloestrol can be synthesized: | by the Liver |
| Urine that has a milky, opalescent appearance could contain: | Lipids (fats) |
| A reflectance photometer measures light of a specific wavelength that is reflected by a colored product, while a photometer is the term that refers to any instrument that measures light intensity. These instruments use a mathematical relationship called: | Beer's Law |
| What is the clear liquid remaining at the top of a solution after centrifugation or settling out of solid substances? | Supernatant |
| The electrolytes are a group of cations and anions important in maintaining: | Fluid and acid-base balance |
| What are the hormones produced by the kidney? | Erythropoietin Active Vitamin D3 Renin |
| Ketones are the product of the metabolism of: | fat/lipid |
| What are the ions in the body called? | Electrolytes |
| What is the functional unit of the kidney? | Nephron |
| The excessive production of urine is called: | Polyuria |
| What is the cation that influences osmotic concentration and determines the extracellular fluid volume? | Sodium |
| Hemolysis of red blood cells, which can be caused by over centrifugation or excess shaking of the blood sample, releases what into the plasma or serum? | Potassium |
| Vasopressin is another name for what hormone? | Antidiuretic (ADH) |
| What is the yellow pigment that gives urine its color? | Urochrome |
| What is the ration of the weight of a solution to the weight of an equal volume of distilled water? | Specific Gravity |
| What is the breakdown product of bilirubin formed by the action of intestinal bacteria? | Urobilingen |
| How is CO2 in the body measured? | Bicarbonate Ion or HCO3 |
| When tested with a urine reagent strip, a normal urine should have a negative or trace amount of: | Protein |
| Failure of kidney function and suppression of urine production is: | Anuria |
| What is the viscous fluid secreted by membranes lining the joints for lubrication? | Synovial Fluid |
| One role of the laboratory in POCT is: | Training personnel |
| Ketonuria occurs when the body obtains energy by metabolizing: | Lipids |
| A urine sample collected at any time, without regard to diet or time of day is called a: | Random Urine Specimen |
| In POCT, the overall responsibility for compliance lies with the individual site and its: | CLIA Director |
| Hemoglobin modified by the binding of glucose to the beta globin chains is: | HbA1C |
| What is the instrument that measures intensities of light in different parts of the light spectrum? | Spectrophotometer |
| Cholesterol is important to the body and serves as a precursor to: | Bile salts & steroid hormones |
| Before being analyzed, refrigerated urines should be allowed to reach: | room or ambient temperature |
| What is the breakdown product of Creatine that is normally excreted in the urine? | Creatinine |
| Energy production as a result of metabolic breakdown of glucose is called: | Glycolysis |
| The enzyme present in cardiac, muscle, and liver tissue, AST, is measured to assess the function of the: | Liver |
| What is the portion of the nephron that receives the Glomerular filtrate? | Bowman's Capsule |
| Urine that has a milky, opalescent appearance could contain: | fats/lipids |
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