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Sociolog
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ideology | a system of concepts and relationships,an understanding of cause and effect. |
| Cultural Relativism | Taking into account the differences across cultures without passing judgment or assigning values |
| Ethnocentrism | The belief that one’s own culture or group is superior to others and the tendency to view all other cultures from the perspective of one’s own. |
| Material Culture | Everything that is a part of our constructed physical environment, including technology. |
| Nonmaterial Culture | Values, beliefs, behaviors, and social norms. |
| Cultural Scripts | Modes of behavior and understanding that are not universal or natural. |
| Culture | a set of beliefs,traditions,and practices;the sum total of of social categories and concepts we embrace in addition to beliefs,behaviors,and practices;that which is not the natural environment around us. |
| Subculture | a group united by sets of concepts,values,symbols,and shared meaning specific to the members of that group distinctive enough to distinguish it from others the same culture or society. |
| Values | moral beliefs |
| Norms | how values tell us to behave |
| Socialization | the process by which individuals internalize the values,beliefs, and norms of a given society and learn to function as members of that society. |
| Reflection theory | the idea that culture is a projection of social structures and relationships into the public sphere, a screen onto which the film of the underlying reality or social structures of our society is projected. |
| Media | any formats or vehicles that carry,present,or communicate information. |
| Hegemony | a condition by which a dominant group uses its power to elicit the voluntary"consent"or the masses. |
| Consumerism | the steady acquisition of material possessions.often with the belief that happiness and fulfillment can thus be achieved. |
| Culture jamming | the act of turning media against themselves. |
| Female circumcision | the removal of a woman's sexulally sesitive clitoris. |
| Feminism | an intellectual,consiousness-raising movement to get people to understand that gender is organizing principle of life. |
| Sex | the biological differeces that distinguish male from female. |
| Sexuality | refers to desire,sexual preference,sexual identity ,and behavior. |
| Gender | denotes a social position,the set of social arrangements,that are built around sex categories. |
| Essentialism | line of thought that explains social phenomena in terms of natural ones. |
| Biological determinism | a line of thought that explains social behavior in tems of biological givens. |
| Hegemonic masculinity | dominant and privileged,if invisible,category of men. |
| Gender roles | sets of behavioral norms assumed to accompany one's status as a male of female. |
| Patriarchy | a nearly universal system involving the subordination of femininity to masculinity. |
| Structural functionalism | theoretical tradition claiming that every society has certain structures,which exist in order to fulfill some set of functions. |
| Sex role theory | Talcott Parsons's theory that men and women perform their sex roles as breadwinners and wives/mothers,respectively,because the nuclear family is the ideal arrangement in modern societies,fulfilling the function of reproducing workers. |
| Homesexual | the social identity of a person who has sexual attraction to and/or relations with other persons of the same sex. |
| Sexism | occurs when a person's sex or gender is the basis for judgement,discrimination,and hatred against him or her. |
| Glass ceiling | an invisible limit on women's climb up the occupationa ladder. |
Created by:
nstella
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