Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
ChiroBoards3:GI/Abd
ChiroBoards3: GI and Abdomen
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Early intestinal obstruction = increased/decreased Bowel sounds? | increased |
| late intestinal obstruction = increased/decreased Bowel sounds? | absent (adynamic/paralytic ileus) |
| Vomiting up blood, aka | Hematesis |
| coughin up blood, aka | Hemoptysis |
| blood in stool, aka | hematochesia |
| Non-specific liver markers = | Alk phosphatase (increase); SGOT/AST; LDH |
| Classic liver markers = | GGT; SGPT/ALT |
| Markers of MI = (3) | CPK; SGOT/AST; LDH |
| BUN seen with two organ dysfunctioning = | Liver (low BUN from processing issue) ; Kidney (high BUN from clearance issue) |
| Most common cause of liver destruction (cirrhosis) = | alcoholism |
| All of these listed can be seen with this liver condition = portal hypertension, ascites, esophageal varices, Mallory Weiss syndrome, and PALMER RASH (due to bile salts). | Cirrhosis |
| Coughing, tearing esophageal blood vessels, and hematemesis indicates what condition? | Mallory Weiss syndrome |
| Thiamin deficiency without alcoholism = | Beri Beri |
| Thiamine deficiency in the brain = | Wernicke Korsakoff Syndrome (leads to dementia) |
| Liver may be tender and enlarged. BUT the edge remains soft and smooth = | Hapatitis |
| From food through fecal/oral route, self limiting, not a carrier = which hepatitis? | A |
| M/C hepatitis? | A |
| Dirty needles and sexual contact; carrier for life = which hepatitis? | B |
| M/C to become liver cancer | B |
| Blood transfusions = which hepatitis? | C |
| M/C site for metastatic disease = | liver |
| How does the liver present with cancer? | Enlarged, with a hard irregular border |
| Alpha fetoprotein is a tumor marker specific for what? | hepatocellular carcinoma |
| What is done to confirm hepatocellular carcinoma following a positive alpha fetoprotein blood test? | liver biopsy |
| biliary duct obstruction increases which? conjugated or unconjugated bilirubin? | Conjugated |
| which type of bilirubin is not water soluble? | unconjugated |
| Which bilirubin increases with duct obstruction, hepatic dx, and pancreatic cancer | conjugated |
| conjugated bilirubin increases with 3 scenarios: | duct obstruction, hepatic dx, and pancreatic cancer |
| Which billirubin can cause urobilinogen (bilirubin in urine) if increased? | Both |
| Which bilirubin increases with hemolytic dx, drugs, and spleen disorders? | unconjugated |
| 3 scenarios that will increase unconjugated bilirubin? | hemolytic dx, drugs, and spleen disorders |
| Increased reticulocyte count occurs in this condition = | hemolytic anemia |
| What tests for hemolytic anemia? (reticulocyte count) | Coomb's test |
| Pain referral to right shoulder or tip of right scapula = | gallbladder (viscerosomatic) |
| Cholecystitis: most common demographic | overweight females over 40 |
| Cholecystitis: most common cause = | cholelithiasis |
| Cholecystitis: Tests | Diagnostic ultrasound; oral cholecystogram; Murphy's sign, Inspiratory arrest Sign |
| Gallbladder calcification that can become malignant due to chronic inflammation | Porcelain Gallbladder |
| Epigastric pain going straight through the T10-T12 area like a knife = | pancreatitis (Viscerosomatic) |
| Chronic pancreatitis most common cause = | alcoholism |
| Acute pancreatitis a 911 emergency = T/F ? | true |
| Grey Turner sign | bleeding into flanks |
| Periumbilical ecchymosis is known as = | Cullen's sign |
| Pancreatitis: Labs | Increased amylase and lipase |
| What part of pancreas does cancer most commonly attack? | the head |
| What does pancreatic cancer present with? (3) | dark urine, clay colored stools, and jaundice |
| polydypsia, polyphagia, and polyuria is seen with this common condition = | DM |
| Tests glucose levels over a 3 month time period = | HbA1C |
| condition of posterior pituitary, resulting in insufficient ADH production | Diabetes Insipidus |
| 30% correlation between diabetes insipidus and what skeletal condition seen on xray? | DISH |
| protrusion of stomach above the diaphragm | hiatal hernia |
| presents with palpable tenderness in LUQ, reflex esophagitis, dyspepsia (indigestion), and made worse after eating large meal or laying down = condition? | Hiatal hernia |
| Upward reflux of acid contents of the stomach into the esophagus | Reflux Esophagitis |
| Reflux Esophagitis is caused by what physical condition? | sliding hiatal hernia |
| Destruction of esophagus due to reflux esophagitis (cancer precursor) = | Barrett's Esophagus |
| Caused by H. pylori and causes pain when waking, coffee ground emesis, and burning epiagastric pinpoint pain = | Peptic Ulcers |
| Has no consistent pain pattern, though sometimes food causes the pain, and other times it relieves the pain = condition? | gastric ulcer |
| This condition causes pain 2 hours after eating and causes black/tarry stool = | Duodenal ulcer |
| Most common type of peptic ulcer = | Duodenal ulcer |
| tests occult blood in stool = | Guaiac Test |
| Causes projectile vomiting in a newborn = | pyloric stenosis |
| Most common on the lesser curvature of stomach and affects the left supraclavicular lymph node | Stomach cancer |
| which node does stomach cancer affect? | left supraclavicular lymph node (Virchow's node) |
| left supraclavicular lymph node, aka = | Virchow's node |
| Mononucleosis is caused by what virus? | Epstein Barr Virus |
| Mononucleosis demopgraphic = | young adults (18-25yoa) |
| Special test for mononucleosi = | Paul Bunnell test |
| Paul Bunnel test (mononuc.), aka's = (2 more) | Monospot; Heterophile Agglutination |
| presents with symptoms similar to the flue such as fever, headache, fatigue, lymphadenopathy in cervicals, and splenomegaly = | Mononucleosis |
| Osteopetrosis, aka = | Marble bone |
| Bone marrow becomes sclerotic so red blood cells aren't made. The liver and spleen make rbc's and become enlarged = what condition? | Osteopetrosis |
| This organ's referral pain is to the peri-umbilical area = | Small-Intestines |
| Gas in the intestines = | Adynamic ileus |
| Regional ileus, aka = | Crohn's dx |
| Crohn's more common in males or females? | females |
| nonspecific inflammatory dx that affects the distal ileum and colon. | Crohn's |
| Inflammation is patchy with healthy tissue in bewtween; which is referred to as cobblestone appearance = what condition? | Crohn's |
| Crohn's dx causes poor absorption of this vitamin | B12 |
| What symptoms can Crohn's present with? (2) | Presents with RLQ pain and chronic diarrhea |
| Crohn's dx can lead to what kind of syndromes? | malabsorption syndromes (tropical spruce/celiac's) |
| How is Crohn's diagnosed? | Sigmoidoscopy |
| bilateral SI effusion on X-ray = | Sacroiliitis |
| Sacroiliitis occurs with what gut condition? | Enteropathic Arthritis |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome, aka = | Spastic colon |
| IBS causes degrees of constipations/diarrhea in response to __________ | stress |
| IBS = more common in men or women? | womrn |
| Abdominal pain and gas is relieved by what? in IBS | bowel movements |
| Dull periumbilical pain that radiates to lower right quadrant occurs in what condition? | Appendicitis |
| Dull periumbilical pain that radiates to lower right quadrant = Test name? | McBurney's point |
| Increased WBC (Shilling shift to the left) = what condition? | Appendicitis |
| Appendicitis = Exam tests = | McbBurney's Point, Rebound Tenderness (peritonitis), Roving's sign, Psoas sign, Obturator sign |
| Special test for Appendicitis = | CT Scan |
| chronic constipation causes small outpouchings within colon that becomes infected = condition? | Diverticulitis |
| Diverticulitis occurs as a consquence of what inadequecy in the person's diet? | Fiber |
| Diverticulitis is associated with pain in which quadrant? | LLQ |
| Outpouching of the ileum = | Meckel's Diverticulitis |
| Outpouching of Esophagus | Zenker's Diverticulitis |
| Cancer of intestine that metastasizes to the liver, causing a release of liver enzymes in circulation and causes flushing in the face. | Carcinoid syndrome |
| Cushing's dx = what specific part of this organ is directly related = | adrenal cortex |
| Increased production of adrenal cortex hormones = hyperadrenalism and hypercortisolism (what condition?) | Cushing's |
| What dx causes hypercortisolism and hyperadrenalism? | Cushing's |
| Decreased aldosterone, hypoadrenalism, and hypocortisolism = what condition? | Addison's |
| Thin person, decreased bp, hyperpigmented mouth and face, weakness, fatigue, lethargy, vomiting, and hairloss seen in the condition = | Addison's |
| Grey Cell tumor of the adrenal medulla = condition? | Pheochromocytoma |
| What neurotransmitter is increased in pheochromocytoma? | epinephrine |
| causes tachycardia, jitters, and EXTREME HYPERTENSION (s&s similar to hyperthyroidism) | Pheochromocytoma |
| Nephrolithiasis's are made of = | calcium = calcium oxalates (M/C), calcium urates, calcium phosphates |
| Back pain radiating into the groin. (pain is writhing) = cause? | ureter stones |
| What ortho tests for nephrolithiasis | murphy's punch test |
| Lab tests for nephrolithiasis = (3) | increased BUN, Uric acid, Creatinine clearance |
| Best lab test for nephrolithiasis | Creatinine Clearance |
| Most common cause is hydronephrosis due to kidney stone = | Staghorn calculi (stone inside kidney) |
| Acute glomerulonephritis, aka | Nephritic syndrome |
| Bacterial cause for nephritic syndrome = | Caused by group A hemolytic strep (strep pyogenes-ASO titre) |
| RBC casts in urine with small amounts of protein is seen with = | acute glomerulonephritis (Nephritic syndrome) |
| HEP stands for = | hypertension, edema, massive proteinuria |
| Waxy or fatty casts seen in urine with = what condition? | Nephrotic syndrome |
| HEP is seen in what syndrome? | Nephrotic syndrome |
| What is nephrotic syndrome called in pregnant women? | pre-eclampsia |
| E-coli from UTI can cause what kidney disorder? | pyelonephritis |
| This kidney disorder has WBC casts o UA ? | pyelonephritis |
| Inherited disorder characterized by many bilateral renal cysts that increase renal size but reduce functional renal tissue = | Polycystic kidney disease |
| Urethritis = caused by which bacteria in both males and females = | E coli in females; N. Gonorrhea in males |
| nitirites in the urine in what particular -itis? | urethritis |
| Non-infectious bladder inflammation that causes burning, painful, and frequent urination with incontinence. PAtient will also have suprapubic pain and low back pain = | Cystitis |
| Nephroblastoma, aka = | Wilm's tumor |
| Malignant tumor of the kidney, less than 5 years of age, abdominal mass, hematuria= describes what condition | Wilm's tumor |
| Often called, "overactive bladder" = | Urinary Incontinence |
| Urge, Stress, Overflow = describes what = | Urinary Incontinence |
| What muscle weakness attributes to urinary incontinence | Urinary Incontinence |
| Most common type of hernia | Indirect Inguinal hernia |
| This hernia passes down the inguinal canal and exits at the external inguinal ring and into the scrotum = | Indirect Inguinal hernia |
| This hernia occurs more frequently in children then in adults | Indirect Inguinal hernia |
| Most common hernia in those over 40 yoa= | Direct Inguinal hernia |
| Does not pass through the inguinal canal directly but exits through the external inguinal ring instead. | Direct Inguinal hernia |
| This hernia is felt when the patient coughs or bears down = | Direct Inguinal hernia |
| This hernia is typically aquired from obesity or heavy lifting | Direct Inguinal hernia |
| Appears as a bulge lateral and inferior to the external inguinal ring at the site of the femoral pulse = | Femoral hernia |
| abnormal endometrial tissue found outside its normal location. Most commonly found in ovaries = | Endometriosis |
| Surgical procedure for endometriosis = | laparscopy |
| uterus will have painless nodules that are irregular and firm = | Uterine Fibroids |
| Presents with abdominal pain, back pain, menorrhagia, painful intercourse, and possible infertility = ( not an std) | Endometriosis |
| Benign uterine tumors of smooth muscle origin (Leiomyoma) and presents with heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, and painful intercourse = | Uterine fibroids |
| Infection of the upper female genital tract. It is most common complication of an STD. | Pelvic Inflammatory Disease |
| PID is most common complication of these two STD's = | *Gonorrhea* and chlamydia |
| Pregnancy in which implantation occurs outside the endometrial cavity | Ectopic pregnancy |
| Presents with spotting, increase bp, and decreased HCG = what does this signify in a woman? | Ectopic pregnancy |
| A non viable embryo which develops in the placenta with all the signs of pregnancy/ Very high HCG = | Hydatiform mole |
| A malignancy of the placenta due to abnormal epithelium | Choriocarcinoma |
Created by:
bglasman
Popular Chiropractic sets