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PHM 316 ch 6
Musculoskeletal
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ankyl/o | crooked/stiff |
| arthr/o | joint/articulation |
| articul/o | joint/articulation |
| brachi/o | arm |
| cervic/o | neck |
| chondr/o | cartilage (gristle) |
| cost/o | rib |
| crani/o | skull |
| dactyl/o | digit (finger or toe) |
| fasci/o | fascia (a band) |
| femor/o | femur |
| fibr/o | fiber |
| kyph/o | humpback |
| lei/o | smooth |
| lord/o | bent |
| lumb/o | loin/lower back |
| myel/o | bone marrow/spinal cord |
| my/o | muscle |
| myos/o | muscle |
| muscul/o | muscle |
| oste/o | bone |
| patell/o | knee cap |
| pelv/i | hip bone or pelvic cavity |
| pelv/o | hip bone or pelvic cavity |
| radi/o | radius |
| rhabd/o | rod shaped or striated (skeletal) |
| sarc/o | flesh |
| scoli/o | twisted |
| spondyl/o | vertebra |
| vertebr/o | vertebra |
| stern/o | sternum (breastbone) |
| ten/o | tendon |
| tend/o | tendon |
| tendin/o | tendon |
| thorac/o | chest |
| ton/o | tone or tension |
| uln/o | ulna |
| appendicular skeleton | bones of shoulder, pelvis, and upper/lower extremities |
| axial skeleton | bones of skull, vertebral column, chest, and hyphoid bone (U shaped bone lying at the base of the tongue) |
| bone | specialied connective tissue composed of osteocytes forming the skeleton |
| compact bone | tightly solid, strong bone tissue resistant to bending |
| spongy (cancellous bone) | mesh-like bone tissue containing marrow and fine branching canals through which blood vessels run |
| long bones | bones of the arms and legs |
| short bones | bones of the wrists and ankles |
| flat bones | bones of ribs, shoulder blades, pelvis, and skull |
| irregular bones | bones of vertebra and face |
| sesamoid bones | round bones found near joints |
| epiphysis | wide ends of a long bone |
| diaphysis | shaft of a long bone |
| metaphysis | growth zone between epiphysis and diaphysis during development of a long bone |
| endosteum | membrane lining the medullary cavity of a bone |
| medullary cavity | cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow |
| bone marrow | soft connective tissue within the medullary cavities of bone |
| red bone marrow | found in cavities of most bones in infants; functions in formation of red blood cells, some white blood cells, and platelets. In adults, it is found most often in flat bones |
| yellow bone marrow | gradually replaces red bone marrow in adult bones, functions as storage for fat tissue and is inactive in formation of blood cells |
| periosteum | a fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the bone |
| articular cartilage | a gristle-like substance found on bones where they articulate |
| articulation | a joint, the point where two bones come together |
| bursa | a fibrous sac between certain tendons and bones that is lined with a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid |
| disk (disc) | a flat, plate-like structure composed of fibrocartilaginous tissue found between the vertebrae to reduce friction |
| nucleus pulposus | the soft, fibrocartilaginous central portion of intervertbral disk |
| ligament | a flexible band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone |
| synovial membrane | membrane lining the capsule of a joint |
| synovial fluid | lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane |
| muscle | tissue composed of fibers that can contract, causing movement of an organ or part of the body |
| striated (skeletal) muscle | voluntar striated muscle attached to the skeleton |
| smooth muscle | involuntary muscle found in internal organs |
| cardiac muscle | muscle of the heart |
| origin of a muscle | muscle end attached to the bone that does not move when the muscle contracts |
| insertion of a muscle | muscle end attached to the bone that moves when the muscle contracts |
| tendon | a band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone |
| fascia | a band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscle |
| coronal plane (frontal) | vertical division of the body into front and back anterior/posterior positions |
| sagittal plane | vertical division of the body into right and left portions |
| transverse plane | horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions |
| anterior (A) (ventral) | front of the body |
| posterior (P) (dorsal) | back of the body |
| anterior-posterior (AP) | from front to back; commonly associated with the direction of an xray beam |
| Posterior-anterior (PA) | from the back to the front; commonly associated with the direction of an xray beam |
| superior (cephalic) | situated above another structure, toward the head |
| inferior (caudal) | situated below another structure, away from the head |
| proximal | toward the beginning or origin of a structure |
| distal | away from the beginning or origin of a structure |
| medial | toward the middle (midline) |
| lateral | toward the side |
| axis | line that runs through the center of the body or a body part |
| erect | normal standing position |
| decubitus | lying down, especially in bed. lateral decubitis is lying on the side |
| prone | lying face down and flat |
| recumbent | lying down |
| supine | horizontal recumbant - lying flat on back (on the spine) |
| flexion | bending at the joint so that the angle between the bone is decreased |
| extension | straightening at the joint so that the angle between the bones is increased |
| abduction | movement away from the body |
| adduction | movement toward the body |
| rotation | circular movement around an axis |
| eversion | turning outward |
| inversion | turning inward |
| supination | turning upward or forward of the plamar surface or plantar surface |
| pronation | turning downward or backward of the palmar surface or plantar surface |
| dorsiflexion | bending of the foot or the toes upward |
| plantar flexion | bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground |
| range of motion(ROM) | total motion possible in a joint |
| goniometer | instrument used to measure joint angles |
| arthralgia | joint pain |
| atrophy | shrinking of tissue such as muscle |
| crepitation | grating sounds made by movement of some joints or broken bones |
| crepitus | grating sounds made by movement of some joints or broken bones |
| exostosis | a projection arising from a bone that develops from cartilage |
| flaccid | flabby, relaxed, or having defective or absent muscle tone |
| hypertrophy | increase in the size of tissue such as muscle |
| hypotonia | reduced muscle tone or tension |
| myalgia | muscle pain |
| myodonia | muscle pain |
| ostealgia | bone pain |
| osteodynia | bone pain |
| rigor | stiffness, stiff muscle |
| rigidity | stiffness, stiff muscle |
| spasm | drawing in, involuntary contraction of muscle |
| spastic | uncontrolled contractions of skeletal muscles causing stiff and awkward movements |
| tetany | tension; prolonged continuous muscle contraction |
| tremor | shaking, rhythmic muscular movement |
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HugsAndKisses
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