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BIO202-CH16-Pituitar
BIO202 - CH16 - Pituitary Gland - Marieb/Hoehn - RioSalado - AZ
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Another name for the pituitary gland is? | Hypophysis |
| Pituitary gland secretes at least __ hormones. | 9 |
| What connects the pituitary to the hypothalamus? | the infundibulum superiorly |
| Posterior pituitary lobe is composed of __. | Pituicytes (glia-like supporting cells) & nerve fibers. |
| The posterior pituitary lobe releases __. | neurohormones it receives from hypothalamus-is storage area. |
| What comprises the neurohypophysis? | Posterior lobe of pituitary plus infundibulum. |
| Anterior pituitary lobe (adenohypophysis) is composed of __. | glandular tissue |
| Arterial blood is delivered to pituitary via __. | hypophyseal branches of internal cartoid arteries. |
| Veins leaving pituitary drain into __. | the dural sinuses |
| The posterior lobe is actually part of the __. | brain |
| The pituitary posterior lobe is derrived from a down-growth of __ & maintains its neural connection via __. | hypothalamic tissue - nerve bundle called the hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract |
| The hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract runs through the __. | infundibulum |
| The hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract arises from which nuclei of the hypothalamus? | supraoptic & paraventricular nuclei |
| Oxytocin is made primarily by the __ neurons. | paraventricular |
| ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is made primarily by the __ neurons. | supraoptic |
| The glandular anterior lobe originates from __ & is formed of __ tissue. | Rathke's pouch, epithelial |
| What is a portal system? | When capillary bed feeds into veins which feed into another capillary bed. |
| Via the hypophyseal portal system, releasing & inhibiting hormones circulate from ventral hypothalamus to the __. | adenohypophysis |
| Hypothalamic regulatory hormones are __. | amino acid bases, but vary in sizes from amines, to peptides, to proteins. |
| What is the adenohypophysis? | The anterior pituitary lobe of the pituitary gland. |
| Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) activity is controlled by the __. | hypothalamus |
| POMC is released by the __ & is a __. | anterior pituitary - prohormone |
| What is a prohormone? | Large molecule that is a precursor to be split enzymatically into 1 or more active hormones. |
| MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone) is? | CNS neurotransmitter involved in control of appetite. |
| What are tropins/tropic hormones? | Hormones that regulate secretory action of other endocrine glands. |
| 4 of the 6 anterior pituitary hormones are __. | tropins/tropic hormones - all affect via cAMP. |
| GH (growth hormone) is produced in the __ lobe of pituitary by cells called __. | somatotrophs |
| GH is a __ hormone & does what? | anabolic (tissue building), promotes protein synthesis & encourages use of fats for fuel. |
| What are somatomedins? | Growth-promoting proteins produced by liver, muscle, bone & other tissues. (IGFs) - insulin-like growth factors. |
| IGFs (insulin-like growth factors) do what? | Stimulate uptake of amino acids & sulfer, and mobilizes fats. |
| GHRH (growth hormone-releasing hormone) __ GH release. | stimulates |
| GHIH (growth hormone-inhibiting hormone) __ GH release. | inhibits |
| In the daily cycle of GH secretion, the highest level occurs when? | During evening sleep |
| GHIH blocks GH & release of __. | thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) |
| In the gut, GHIH inhibits release of __. | virtually all gastrointestinal & pancreatic secretions |
| Hypersecretion of GH in children results in __. | gigantism |
| Acromegaly results when __. | excessive GH secretes after epiphyseal plates have closed - enlarged extremities |
| Acromegaly due to GH hypersecretion results usually from an __. | adenohypophyseal tumor |
| GH hyposecretion (deficiency) in children results in __. | pituitary dwarfism |
| TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) is? | thyrotropin - a tropic hormone that stimulates normal development & secretory activity of thyroid gland. |
| TSH release is triggered by __. | TRH - thyrotropin - releasing hormone - a hypothalamic peptide |
| ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone - is also known as __ & is secreted by __. | corticotropin, the adenohypophysis |
| ACTH stimulates the __ to release corticosteroid. | adrenal cortex |
| ACTH release is elicited by hypothalamic CRH & has daily rhythm that peaks __. | in the morning shortly before awakening |
| CRH release is triggered by __. | fever, hypoglycemia, & stressors of all types. |
| FSH & LH are what kind of hormones? | gonadotropins - regulate function of gonads |
| In both sexes, FSH stimulates __ production. | sperm or egg (gamete) |
| Which hormone stimulates testes to make testosterone? | LH |
| __ hormones are virtually absent from blood of prepubertal boys & girls. | gonadotropins - absent |
| What causes release of gonadotropin? | GnRH - gonadotropin-releasing hormone produced by hypothalamus |
| PRL (prolactin) stimulates what? | Milk production by breasts - release controlled by hypothalamus |
| PIH (prolactin-inhibiting hormone) is now known to be __. | dopamine (DA) |
| LH (luteinizing hormone) triggers __. | ovulation |
| Name the 6 major hormones of anterior pituitary. | FSH, TSH, GH, LH, ACTH, & PRL |
| Name the 2 major hormones stored in the posterior pituitary. | Oxytocin & ADH |
| The posterior pituitary is made largly of __. | axons of hypothalamic neurons |
| ADH influences what? | Water balance in the body |
| Oxytocin stimulates what? | Contraction of smooth muscles - uters & breasts |
| Oxytocin acts via the __ second messenger system. | PIP-Ca2+ |
| Name a hormone used in a positive feedback mechanism. | oxytocin - uterine contractions during birth & milk ejection from breasts. |
| What is diuresis? | Urine production |
| Which hypothalamic neurons monitor solute concentration of blood? | Osmoreceptors |
| What is the alternative name for ADH? | Vasopressin |
| ADH deficiency results in __. | diabetes insipidus - output of huge amounts of urine. |
| What is SIADH? | Syncrome of inappropriate ADH secretion - fluid retention, brain edema, weight gain, & hypo-osmolarity of blood. |
Created by:
Ladystorm
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