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Rapid Review
Renal/GU
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| RTA (renal tubular acidosis) a/w abnl H secretion and nephrolithiasis | type 1 (distal) RTA |
| RTA a/w abnl HCO3 and rickets | type 2 (proximal) RTA |
| RTA a/w aldosterone defect | type 4 (distal) RTA |
| "doughy skin" | hypernatremia |
| DD of hypervolemic hyponatremia | cirrhosis, CHF, nephritic syndrome |
| chvostek's and trousseau's sign | hypocalcemia |
| [mc] cause of hypercalcemia | malignancy and hyperpara |
| t-wave flattening and U waves | hypokalemia |
| peeked T wavers and widened QRS | hyperkalemia |
| first line tx for moderate hypercalcemia | IV hydration and loops |
| type of ARF in pt w/ FeNa <1% | prerenal |
| 49 yo male presents w/ acute-onset flank pain and hematuria | nephrolithiasis |
| [mc] type of nephrolithiasis | calcium oxalate |
| 20 yo man presents w/ a palpable flank mass and hematuria. US shows bilat enlarged kidneys w/ cysts. assoicated brain anomaly? | cerebral berry aneurysm (AD PCKD) |
| hematuria, HTN, oliguria | nephritic syndrome |
| proteinuria, hypoalbunemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperlipiduria, edema | nephrotic sydrome |
| [mc] form of nephritic syndrome | membranous glomerulonephritis |
| [mc] form of glomerulonephritis | IgA nephropathy (Berger's dz) |
| glomerulonephritis w/ deafness | Alports syndrome |
| glomerulonephritis w/ hemoptysis | wegener's granulomatosis and goodpasture's sydrome |
| presence of red cell casts in urine sediment | glomerulonephritis/nephritic syndrome |
| eosinophils in urine sediment | allergic intersitial nephritis |
| waxy casts in urine sediment and maltese crosses (seen w/ lipiduria) | nephrotic syndrome |
| drowsiness, asterixis, nausea, pericardial friction rub | uremic syndrome seen in pts w/ renal failure |
| 55 yo man is diagnosed w/ prostate CA. tx? | wait, surgical resection, radiation and/or androgen suppression |
| low urine specific gravity in the presence of high serum osmolality | DI |
| tx of SIADH | fluid restriction, demeclocycline |
| hematuria, flank pain and palpable flank mass | renal cell CA |
| testicular CA a/w beta-hCG and AFP | choriocarcinoma |
| [mc] type of testicular CA | seminoma- atype of germ cell tumor |
| [mc] histology of bladder CA | transitional cell CA |
| complication of overly raid correction of hyponatremia | central pontine myelinolysis |
| salicylate ingestion --> in what type of acid-base disorder | anion gap acidosis and 1 resp alkalosis d/t central resp stimulation |
| acid-base disturbance commonly seen in pregnant women | resp alkalosis |
| three systemic dz --> nephrotic syndrome | DM, SLE, amyloidosis |
| elevated erythropoietin levle, elevated hematocrite, and nl O2 sat suggest? | RCC or other erythropoietin-producing tumor; evaluate w/ CT scan |
| 55 yo man presents w/ irritative and obstructive urinary symptoms, tx? | likely BPH, options include no TX, terazosin, finasteride or surgical intervention (TURP) |
Created by:
fl_sun80
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