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A and P chapter-8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abduction | Moving away from the midline of the body |
| Actin | Contractile protein found in the myofilaments of skeleton muscle |
| Adduction | Moving toward the midline of the body |
| All or None | When stimulated, a muscle fiber will contract fully or not at all |
| Antagonists | Those having opposing actions |
| Biceps Brachii | The primary flexor of the arm |
| Bursa | Small, cushion like sacs that are found between moving body parts to make it easier to move |
| Deltoid | Having a triangular shape |
| Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy | Form of muscular dystrophy inherited on the X chromosome and characterized by mild leg muscle weakness that progresses rapidly to include the shoulder muscles and eventually death |
| Endurance Training | Continuous vigorous exercise requiring the body to increase its consumption of oxygen and develop the muscles' ability to sustain activity over a prolonged period of time |
| Extension | Increasing the angle between two bones at a joint |
| Fatigue | Loss of muscle power |
| Flexion | the act of bending |
| Hypertrophy | Increased size of a part caused by an increase in the size of its cells |
| Hypothermia | Failure of thermoregulatory mechanisms to maintain homeostasis in a very cold environment |
| Insertion | Attachment of muscle to the bone that it moves when contraction occurs |
| Intercalated Disks | Connections that form unique dark bands between cardiac muscle fibers |
| Isometric Contraction | Type of muscle contraction in which muscle does not shorten |
| Isotonic Contraction | Type of muscle contraction that maintains uniform tension or pressure |
| Masseter | Largest muscle of the cheek |
| Mastication | Chewing |
| Motor Neuron | Transmits nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glandular epithelial tissues |
| Muscle Fiber | The specialized contractile cells of muscle tissue that are grouped together and arranged in a highly organized way |
| Muscular Dystrophy | A group of muscle disorders characterized by atrophy of skeletal muscle without nerve involvement |
| Myasthenia Gravis | Autoimmune muscle disorder characterized by progressive weakness and chronic fatigue |
| Myosin | Contractile protein found in the thick myofilaments of skeletal muscle |
| Neuromuscular Junction | The point of contact between the nerve endings and muscle fibers |
| Origin | The attachment of a muscle to a bone which does not move when contraction occurs |
| Oxygen Debt | Continued increased metabolism that occurs in a cell to remove excess lactic acid that resulted from exercise |
| Pectoralis Major | Major flexor of the upper arm |
| Posture | Position of the body |
| Prime Mover | The muscle responsible for producing a particular movement |
| Rotation | Movement around a longitudinal axis |
| Sarcomere | Contractile unit of muscle; length of a myofibril between two Z bands |
| Sliding Filament Model | Concept in muscle physiology describing the contraction of a muscle fiber in terms of the sliding of microscopic protein filaments past each other within the myofibrils in a manner that shortens the myofibrils and thus the entire muscle |
| Sprain | An acute injury to soft tissues surrounding a joint, including muscle, tendon, and/or ligament |
| Strain | Injury involving any component of the “musculotendinous unit” |
| Strength Training | Contracting muscles against resistance to enhance muscle hypertrophy |
| Synergists | Muscle that assists a prime mover |
| Tendon Sheaths | Tube-shaped structure lined with synovial membrane that encloses certain tendons |
| Tendons | Bands or cords of fibrous connective tissue that attach a muscle to a bone or other structure |
| Tetanus | Sustained muscular contraction |
| Threshold Stimulus | Minimal level of stimulation required to cause a muscle fiber to contract |
| Tonic Contraction | Special type of skeletal muscle contraction used to maintain posture |
| Trapezius | Triangular muscle in the back that elevates the shoulder and extends the head backwards |
| Triceps Brachii | Extensor of the elbow |
| Twitch | A quick, jerky response to a single stimulus |
| Zygomaticus | The corners of the mouth and lips |
| Paralysis | Loss of the power of motion, especially voluntary motion |
Created by:
Akile6
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