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Histology #3
The Nucleus 8/14/07
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| perinuclear space | the enclosed space between the inner and outer unit membranes of the nucleus |
| nuclear pore | located where the inner and outer nuclear membranes fuse allowing material to be transported in and out of the nucleus |
| heterochromatin | inactive and condensed chromatin that can be seen under light microscopy (basophilic and electron dense) |
| euchromatin | actively transcribing chromatin that is not visible through light microscopy and is only lightly stained under EM |
| nucleosome | structure containing 4 histones and the DNA wrapped around them |
| solenoid | the coiling of nucleosomes results in this structure |
| histone | protein which functions to maintain chromosome structure and gene activity |
| nucleolus | structure within the nucleus where ribosomes are made |
| nucleolar organizer | part of nucleolus that contains the DNA which codes for rRNA (transcription occurs here) |
| pars fibrosa | part of nucleolus where rRNA strands gather |
| pars granulosa | part of the nucleolus where maturing ribosomal subunits are found |
| nuclear matrix | scaffolding with the nucleus composed of composite structure proteins and fibrillar material termed the nucleoskeleton; attached to the fibrous lamina |
| fibrous lamina | protein structure underneath the inner nuclear membrane |
| nucleolar associate chromatin | heterochromatin that is attached to the nucleolus; function unknown |
| colchicine | used to arrest dividing cells in metaphase |
| Klinefelter's syndrome | sex chromosome abnormality; XXY |
| Barr body | inactive X chromosome found in cells with multiple X chromosomes |
| cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CdKs) | phosphorylate selected enzymes involved in the cell cycle |
| cyclins | proteins that activate CdKs by binding them |
| P53 | protein that checks DNA for damage at G1; binds DNA and blocks kinase activity to prevent replication |
| polyploidy | result of mitosis with no cytokinesis; e.g. megakaryocytes |
| chromosome mosaicism (mixoploidy) | cells having a variable number of chromosomes; results from non-disjunction or anaphase lagging during mitosis |
| necrosis | accidental cell death due to microbes, chemicals, etc. |
| karyolysis | disintegration and dissolution of the nucleus; occurs during necrosis |
| pyknosis | irreversible condensation of chromatin; occurs during necrosis |
| apoptosis | programmed cell death; can be triggered by DNA damage |
Created by:
medevitt
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