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Cranial Nerves...
For neurolinguistics
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is Cranial Nerve I | Olfactory |
What is Cranial Nerve II | Optic |
What is Cranial Nerve III | Oculomotor |
What is Cranial Nerve IV | Trochlear |
What is Cranial Nerve V | Trigeminal |
What is Cranial Nerve VI | Abducens |
What is Cranial Nerve VII | Facial |
What is Cranial Nerve VIII | Vestibular |
What is Cranial Nerve IX | Glossopharyngeal |
What is Cranial Nerve X | Vagus |
What is Cranial Nerve XI | Accessory |
What is Cranial Nerve XII | Hypoglossal |
Which Cranial Nerves are Sensory only | I. Olfactory, II. Optic, VIII. Vestibular |
Which Cranial Nerves are only Motor | III. Oculomotor, IV. Trochlear, VI. Abducens, XI. Accessory, and XII. Hypoglossal. |
Which Cranial Nerves are both Sensory and Motor | V. Trigeminal, VII. Facial, IX. Glossopharyngeal, X. Vagus |
What is the function of Cranial Nerve I | Smell, key to eating and sexual drive. |
What is the function of Cranial Nerve II | Vision. Sends info to occipital lobe. |
What is the function of Cranial Nerve III | Motor involved in eye movement. Involved in keeping the eyelid up. Constricting pupil. |
What is the function of Cranial Nerve IV | movement of superior oblique muscle of eye (downward/outward movement) |
What is the function of Cranial Nerve V | Motor: controls movement of the jaw Sensory: to forehead, eyes, nose, upper lip & teeth. Maxilla and sinus, cheeks palate, anterior 2/3's of tongue, mandible, lower lip & teeth, cheek, external ear. |
What is the function of Cranial Nerve VI | controls lateral movement of the eye |
What is the function of Cranial Nerve VII | Motor: most profound to most of the face and neck (except for jaw) Sensory: taste fibers of the anterior 2/3's of tongue, hard and soft palates. |
What is the function of Cranial Nerve VIII | Involved in perception of balance. Cochlear portion=hearing. |
What is the function of Cranial Nerve IX | Motor: Elevation of larynx and pharynx, pharyngeal dilation, swallowing, salivation. Sensory: taste and sensation to posterior 1/3 of tongue. |
What is the function of Cranial Nerve X | Motor: Swallowing, elevation & depression of palate, phonation, pharyngeal constriction. Sensory: taste buds to back of tongue. Sensation to the external ear & canal. |
What is the function of Cranial Nerve XI | turning of head and shrugging shoulders |
What is the function of Cranial Nerve XII | all tongue movements, some elevation of the hyoid bone. |
What are the 4 phases of swallowing | Oral preparatory phase, Oral phase, Pharyngeal phase, Esophageal phase |
What cranial nerves are involved in the Oral preparatory phase | V. Trigeminal , VII. Facial, IX. Glossopharyngeal, and XII. Hypoglossal |
Which cranial nerves are involved in the Oral phase | V. Trigeminal, VII. Facial, and XII. Hypoglossal. |
Which cranial nerves are invovled in pharyngeal phase | X. Vagus, XI. Accessory, and XII. Hypoglossal |
Which cranial nerves are involved in the esophageal phase | X. Vagus, and IX. Glossopharyngeal |
DAMAGE: causes impaired sense of smell | I. Olfactory Nerve |
DAMAGE: causes blindness in part or all of the visual field | II. Optic Nerve |
DAMAGE: produces deafness, dizziness, nausea, loss of balance & nystagmus | VIII. Vestibular |
DAMAGE: causes impaired head, neck, shoulder movement; head turns towards injured side | XI. Accessory Nerve |
DAMAGE: causes dropping eyelid, dilated pupil, double vision, difficulty focusing and inability to move eye in certain directions | III. Occulomotor Nerve |
DAMAGE: causes double vision & inability to rotate eye inferolaterally | IV. Trochlear Nerve |
DAMAGE: results in inability to rotate eye laterally & at rest eye rotates medially | VI. Abducens Nerve |
Damage: weakness of jaw closure/mastication | V. Trigeminal |
Which 2 Cranial Nerves are damaged if you have lost taste to the anterior 2/3's of the tongue | V. Trigeminal and VII. Facial |
Which Cranial Nerve has taste and sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue | IX. Glossopharyngeal |
DAMAGE: if both are damaged, can't protrude tongue. If one side is damaged - tongue deviates towards injured side (ipsilateral atrophy) | XII. Hypoglossal |
Which 2 Cranial Nerves are responsible for swallowing | IX. Glossopharyngeal and X. Vagus |
DAMAGE: results in loss of bitter & sour taste. impaired swallowing. Loss of Gag Reflex. | IX. Glossopharyngeal |
DAMAGE: causes hoarseness or loss of voice, impaired swallowing & fatal if both are cut. Loss of Cough Reflex. | X. Vagus |
DAMAGE: produces sagging facial muscles & disturbed sense of taste (no sweet/salty) | VII. Facial |
Which muscles innervate with XI. Accessory Nerve | The Sternocleidomastoid and the Trapezius |
Which muscles innervate with with IX. Glossopharyngeal Nerve | Stylopharyngeus |
Which muscles are innervated with VII. Facial Nerve | Zygomatic, Obicularis Oculi and Oris, buccinator, platysma, stylohyoid, stapedius. |
Which muscles are innervated with V. Trigeminal Nerve | Masseter, temporalis, lateral/medial pterygoids, tensor typmani, tensor veli palatini, mylohyoid |
Which muscles innervate with XII. Hypoglossal | Superior longitudinal and inferior longitudinal, transverse, vertical, genioglossus, hyoglossus, and styloglossus |
Which muscles innervate with X. Vagus | Inferior, middle, and superior constrictors; levator veli palatine, uvular, cricothyroid, intrinsic laryngeal muscles, muscles of viscera, esophagus, and trachea |
Whose contributions led us to the understanding brain functions | Norman Geschwind |
What is Wernickes | aphasia, trouble of understanding language. |
What is Brocas | aphasia, output problem. Formation of language, comprehension, syntax. |
Many of the Cranial Nerves are bilateral in innervation. T or F | True! |
Cranial Nerves in bilateral motor innervation | VII. Facial: above the top of the nose. XII. Hypoglossal: all muscles except the genioglossus. And IX. Glossopharyngeal, X. Vagus |
Cranial Nerves in bilateral sensory components | II. Optic, V. Trigeminal, VII. Facial, VIII. Vestibular, IX. Glossopharyngeal, and X. Vagus. |
What is Mentalism | belief ones thinking, functioning, spirit, is somewhere in the body but has nothing to do with the CNS(Central Nervous System) |
What is Materialism | (Darwin). Everything has to do with the brain. |
What is the CNS | Central Nervous System, the brain, brainstem, spinal cord. |
What is the PNS | Peripheral Nervous System, nervous that shoot out from the CNS |
Name the four types of glial cells in the brain | Astrocytes, Ogliodendrocytes, Microglia, Ependymal Cells |
Function of Astrocytes | provide the structural matrix surrounding and supporting neuron cell bodies in the CNS |
Function of Ogliodendrocytes | form and maintain myelin, the fatty sheath covering on axons |
Function of Microglia | are numerous and perform "scavenger" functions. Incase of injury... |
Function of Ependymal Cells | line the ventricles in the brain as well as the central canal of the spinal cord. |
What is the difference between axons and dendrites | Dendrites transmit signals into the cell body, and axons transmit signals away from the cell body. |
What is the function of the primary motor cortex | It is located on the anterior wall of the central sulcus. Also known as motor strip. It allows for contralateral motor control of the limbs. |
What are the five components of basal ganglia | Caudate Nucleus, Putamen, Globus Pallidus, Substantia Nigra, and Subthalamic Nucleus |
Functions of the Limbic System | Some roles in emotion and sexual behaviors. Memory and Motivation. |
What are the functions of the cerebellum | Fine coordination of movement, postural stability and fixation and learning a novel motor act. |
Midbrain | located immediately below the thalamus and hypothalamus, also called the mesencephalon. Contains the superior and inferior colliculi |
Inferior colliculi | serve as way stations in the central auditory nervous system. |
Superior colliculi | way stations in the visual nervous system. |
Pons | a bridge to the cerebellum. |
Axon | root of single fiber of a neuron that carried messages to other neurons |