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Brain Blood Supply
Chapter 17- Blood Supply of the Brain
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Begins at bifurcation of common carotid a. | Internal carotid a. |
| Divides into anterior & middle cerebral aa. at the medial end of the lateral cerebral sulcus | Internal carotid a. |
| First branch of ICA; supplies optic nerve, eye, other orbital structures | Ophthalmic a. |
| Branch of ICA that is part of the COW | Posterior communicating a. |
| Ends in, and supplies, choroid plexus; also gives off numerous small branches & supplies parts of deep cerebral strucutres (crus cerebri; lateral geniculate body; optic tract; internal capsule) | Choroidal a. |
| Has 3 branches: anterior communicating, cortical branches, & central branches | Anterior cerebral a. (ACA) |
| Only single artery in COW; joins the anterior cerbral aa. from each side | Anterior communicating a. (of the ACA) |
| supply all medial surface of cerebral cortex; lateral surface along very top (dorsal) surface; supplies "leg area" of precentral gyrus | Anterior communicating a. (of the ACA) |
| The largest branch of the ICA; runs laterally in lateral cerebral sulcus; supplies all motor area except "leg area"; has cortical branches and central branches | Middle Cerebral a. (MCA) |
| What are the branches of the ICA (cerebral portion)? | Ophthalmic a; Posteiror communicating a; Choroidal a; ACA; MCA |
| What is a branch of the first part of the subclavian a.? | Vertebral a. |
| At lower border of pons (ventral brainstem) the 2 vertebral aa. joint to form what artery? | Basilar a. |
| What are the branches of the basilar artery? | Posterior cerebral a (PCA); Central branches; Choroidal branch |
| Joined by posterior communicating branch of ICA; its cortical branches supply inferolateral & medial temporal lobe & the lateral & medial surface of occipital lobe, & the visual/occipital cortex; choroidal br. supplies choroid plexus of lat & 3rd vent. | Posterior Cerebral a. (PCA) |
| What supplies the dorsal-most strip of lateral cerebral cortex of frontal lobe stopping at the parietal-occipital sulcus? | ACA |
| What supplies lateral surface of frontal cortex from central sulcus rostrally, parts of lateral parietal lobes, superior temporal gyrus & part of middle temporal gyrus & insula | MCA |
| Which artery is tough to clot because of its large size? | MCA |
| What supplies part of parietal lobe, all of occipital lobe, lower part of middle temporal gyrus, and all of the inferior temporal gyrus? | PCA |
| What are the 2 major branches of the ACA? They supply the medial cerebrum. | Pericallosal & Callosomarginal |
| Which artery supplies most of the anterior-medial cerebral surface (from frontal through anterior parietal lobe & the entire paracentral lobule) | ACA |
| What minimally supplies the medial cerebrum (subcortical structures & temporal pole)? | MCA |
| What supplies the parietal lobe caudal to the parieto-occipital sulcus, parietal & occipital cortices, & parts of subcortical structures? | PCA |
| What supplies the medial frontal lobe? | ACA |
| What artery's deep branches supply basal ganglia & internal capsule, and the ventral frontal lobe & extension of temporal lobe that "wraps" around to the ventral surface? | MCA |
| What supplies most of ventral temporal lobe, all of occipital lobe, & a lot of the cerebral base? | PCA |
| What arteries are aka the central branches? They supply the subcortical structures. | Lenticulostriate aa. |
| The lenticulostriate a. is aka the? The recurrent a. of Heubner is aka the? | Lateral striate; Medial striate |
| If the ICA is occluded, there will be major issues for areas supplies by which two arteries? | ACA & MCA |
| Which artery supplies the IC- posterior limb & genu & are small, central branches of MCA? | Lenticulostriate/lateral striate |
| Which artery supplies IC- anterior limb & part of basal ganglia, and are small, central branches of the ACA? | Medial striate/recurrent artery of Heubner |
| What happens when there is a small, localized area of damage in IC? | Lacunar stroke |
| S/sx of lacunar stroke | Paralysis of lower face & contralateral UE/LE; common in people with HTN that don't even know about it. |
| What type of nerve supply do the cerebral arteries have? | Sympathetic postganglionic nerve fibers (sympathetic system responsible for vasomotor tone) |
| Stimulation of nerves around cerebral arteries causes what? | Vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries (this is bad!) |
| Rise in carbon dioxide and hydrogen, & decreased oxygen leads to what? | Increased vasodilation |
| Where are veins of the brain located? | Subarachnoid space; pierce arachnoid mater & meningeal layer of dura; drain into cranial venous sinuses |
| External Cerebral v. branches | Superior cerebral,Superficial middle cerebral, Deep middle cerebral, Anterior cebral & Striate vv. |
| Superior cerebral v. | Empties into superior sagittal sinus; drains lateral surface |
| Superficial middle cerebral v. | Empties into cavernous sinus; drains lateral surface |
| Deep middle cerebral v. | Drains insula |
| Anterior cerebral & striate vv. | form basilar v.; joins great cerebral v.; drains into straight sinus |
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