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“Red Scare” (1919–1920)
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Mitchell Palmer
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Unit 9 APUSH Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| “Red Scare” (1919–1920) | anti communist sentiment after WW1 that was supported by radicals; led to labor unrest |
| Mitchell Palmer | was suspicious of growing communist sentiment and deported many immigrants |
| Sacco and Vanzetti (1921) | anarchical Italian immigrants who were accused of robbery and murder and sentenced to death; before execution, new evidence was found that could prove their innocence, but they were never given a retrial because they were Italian |
| Ku Klux Klan | rose up again in 1916 in Georgia and spread everywhere including the North; about 3 million members at peak; anti Jewish, Catholic, black, and prominent women; made up of white, anglo-saxon, protestant, males; Nativist sentiments |
| 1921 Emergency Quota Act | only 3% of each country's population was allowed to immigrate to USA based on a 1910 census; total cap of 250,000 immigrants |
| 1924 Immigration Act | lowers quota to 2% of immigrants based on a 1890 census; lowered cap to 150,000 immigrants; prevents USA from allowing Jews to enter during WW2 |
| Eighteenth Amendment (1919) | banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol; took effect in a year and people stockpiled until then; led to organized crime |
| Volstead Act | law enacted in 1919 to provide enforcement for the 18th amendment |
| “Speakeasies” | establishments that illegally sold alcohol; usually hidden bars behind store fronts; leads to less gender discrimination b/c bar owners have to be more willing to sell to anyone |
| Al Capone | Italian-American gangster who smuggled and bootlegged liquor |
| Religious fundamentalists | believed the Bible for exactly how it was stated |
| Scopes Monkey Trial (1925) | sci teacher named Scopes was arrested for teaching evolution, but his case becomes a debated b/w traditional and scientific teachings; religious side wins & Scopes loses; William Jennings Brayan is the religious side lawyer while Darrow is Scope's lawyer |
| Bruce Barton | author of many best selling guides to personal success |
| Henry Ford | did not invent the automobile, but made mass production assembly line; payed higher wages to workers to avoid labor unions |
| Model “T” (“Tin Lizzie”) | regarded as the first affordable automobile; opened travel to the common middle-class American |
| Wright brothers (1903) | credited with building the world's first successful airplane and making the first controlled, powered, and sustained heavier that air human flight |
| Charles A. Lindbergh (1927) | flew across the Atlantic becoming a national hero due to movies, radio, and newspaper being more widespread; most popular American figure in 1920s |
| Thomas A. Edison | American inventor credited with light bulb, motion picture camera, phonograph, and much more; He was called the "Wizard of Menlo Park", Menlo Park being where his lab was |
| Al Jolson/The Jazz Singer (1927) | Jolson starred in the first full length talking movie, "The Jazz Singer" |
| Margaret Sanger | worked to legalize contraception; coined the term "birth control" |
| “Flappers” | flamboyant woman with short hair that smoked and drank; a very small percentage of women; a bad stereotype of women in 1920s |
| Jazz | jazz age during roaring 20s; becomes most popular form of music |
| Langston Hughes | one of the earliest innovators of jazz poetry |
| Marcus Garvey | created a movement of inspiring blacks in the US and elsewhere to return to their ancestral home of Africa |
| Harlem Renaissance | also known as "New Negro Movement"; fostered a new black cultural identity |
| Speculation & buying on margin | people took out loans to put in stockmarket; if business goes under, u lose money, and u are in debt |
| Andrew W. Mellon | secretary of treasury; fundraising activities during WW! |
| Five Power Naval Treaty (1922) / 5-5-3 ratio | treaty made to limit naval construction and prevent an arms race; for every 5 battleships US and UK had, Japan and Italy got three |
| Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) | world peace act that outlawed war; Symbolic act that didn't really do anything |
| Teapot Dome Scandal (1923) | during Harding Admin; Secretary of Interior A.B. Fall took control of navy petroleum reserved and leased it out and then pocketed the money |
| Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930) | raised US tariffs, cutting off 80% of foreign trade, hurting the economy and prolonging the Great Depression |
| “Black Tuesday” (October 29, 1929) | 13% decline in stock market, indicating the upcoming Great Depression |
| Great Depression | world wide economic recession that lasted the longest in USA; late 1920s to late 1930s; name coined by president Herbert Hoover |
| “Hoovervilles” | shanty towns built by homeless people during the Great Depression; named for President Hoover because he allegedly let the nation slide into depression |
| “Trickle down” economic theory | gov gives $ to business instead of the common ppl so they can employ more ppl and provide higher wages; doesnt work because business pockets money |
| “Public works” projects | federal building projects that provide more jobs; very expensive; one example is the Hoover Dam |
| Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) (1932) | established during Hoover Admin to restore banking system |
| Bonus Army (1932) | WW1 veterans peacefully marched to Washington to support the Bonus Bill which would give them $ now, during the depression, instead of the planned later date; Bill didn't pass and Hoover sent soldiers to forcefully remove them |
| New Deal Coalition | FDR wants to keep the Democrats in power for long after his presidency, so he groups together Traditional Democratic South, Urbanites (esp immigrants and African Americans) and laborers |
| 1932 election | FDR crushes Hoover in the election; FDR promises change as his platform, but doesnt specify what; he still gives optimism to the ppl |
| Bank “holiday” (March 1933) | FDR closes all banks so he can go through them all and say which ones are worthy of reopenning |
| The “Hundred Days” | aprox. the first hundred days of FDR's presidency where he passed a series of new programs |
| The “3 R’s” | Relief (short term. Ex. Giving food) Recovery ( a little longer term) Reform (long lasting esp in order to prevent another recession) |
| “Fireside chats” | a series of 30 evening radio addresses given by FDR to gain the support of the public, pressuring Congress into passing Roosevelt's proposals |
| Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act | separates commercial bank from investment banks; insures back your deposited money up to a certain amount; reform |
| Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) | young single men do conservation projects as their jobs; relief |
| Federal Emergency Relief Act | federal gov gives money to states to use as the deem fit for immediate relief |
| Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) | payed farmers to not farm as much so the supply goes down and demand goes up; recovery; overruled by supreme court |
| Father Charles Coughlin | radical; catholic priest who wanted to nationalize the banks and inflate the currency; more practical than religious; popular until he becomes openly anti jewish |
| Sen. Huey P. Long | popular politician from Louisiana with "share our Wealth" program idea that said you cant make over $ 1 million --> the rest would be taken away and redistributed; very radical; would have run against FDR for presidency, but was killed |
| Works Progress Administration (WPA, 1935) | creates more federal jobs; relief |
| National Recovery Admin. (NRA) | regulates business, industry, and wages; recovery; overruled by supreme court |
| Frances Perkins | first female cabinet member ever; appointed by FDR |
| Twenty-first Amendment (1933) | repealed the 18th amendment, ending prohibition |
| Dust Bowl/Grapes of Wrath | The dustbowl was a massive dust storm that just happened to take place during the Great Depression; Grapes of Wrath is a historical fiction book that shows this event |
| Securities and Exchange Commission (1934) | oversees business and stock market; reform |
| Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) | set up a bunch of dams to make jobs and electricity; recovery |
| Federal Housing Administration (FHA) | ensured loans and standardized house mortgages; reform |
| Social Security Act | unemployment insurance and old age pension; reform |
| Wagner Act (1935) | gives labor union legal right to bargain; reform; also known as "National Labor Relations Act" |
| Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) | formed by John L Lewis who broke away from the AFL which only included skilled workers; Opens labor union up to industrial workers too |
| Twentieth Amendment (1933) | changed inauguration time from March to January |
| FDR’s court-packing scheme (1937) | b/c FDR wanted more pwr in the supreme court, he promised a bill allowing him to expand the size of the court; congress doesnt like it or pass it, and Democratic party is split over this bill |
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