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Supreme_Court_Cases
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Marbury v. Madison (1803) | BG:Marbury was designated Justice of the Peace in D.C. in the last days of John Adam’s presidency. Impact: Established judicial review. Facts: Marbury was appointed to a government post but it was never fully finalized. So he sued for his job. |
| McCullough v. Maryland (1819) | BG: In 1818, Maryland passed a law imposing taxes on the The Second Bank of the U.S that was created in 1816. Impact: Supremacy Clause.State laws couldn’t tax national gov instruments. Facts: McCulloch was cashier at Baltimore bank-refused to pay the ta |
| Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) | BG: NY law let steamboats operate on waters w/in state.Laws were duplicated and some states had others pay for navigation. Impact:Enumerate Powers.Facts:Steamboat owner did business b/w NY &NJ-challenged NY’s monopoly-made him get permit 2 navigate water |
| Barron v. Baltimore (1833) | BG:City expanded and large amts of sand gathered in harbor taking away some deep waters that were important to Barron’s business. Impact:Bill of Rights wasn't applied to states.Facts: Barron sued city to recover a portion of financial losses. |
| Dred Scott v. Sandford (1856) | BG:Dred Scott- slave in MO that lived in IL for 10yrs and sued MO for freedom. Impact: Articles 3 and 4 argued only citizens of US could be citizens of state. MO Compromise was unconstitutional. Facts: Article 3 restricted slaves from becoming citizens. |
| Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) | BG: Plessy (7/8 white) was arrested for sitting in a whites only section. Impact: Separate but equal. 14th Ammendment. Facts: Segregation was law before case. |
| Schenck v. United States (1919) | BG: Schenck mailed circulars to draftees urging the draft as wrongly motivated. Impact: Clear and Present Danger Facts: Convicted due to encouraging the disobedience of military orders. |
| Korematsu v. United States (1944) | BG: Citizens of Japanese ancestry in areas of national defense and places vulnerable to espionage were excluded. Impact: Japanese were excluded and justified by emergency and peril circumstances. Facts: Discrimination of Japanese due to fear. |
| Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) | BG: Black children were denied admission to public schools because of segregation laws. Impact: Overturned Plessy. Facts: Racial segregation in public edu had detrimental effect on minority children because it was a sign of inferiority. |
| Mapp v. Ohio (1961) | BG: Mapp convicted of having obscene material after an illegal police search of her house for a fugitive. Impact: Exclusionary Act. 4th amendment. Facts: The evidence was dismissed because it was in violation of the Constitution. |
| Buckley v. Valeo (1975) | BG: Congress wanted corruption in political campaigns gone by restricting financial contributions.Impact:The restriction didn’t serve gov interest for warrant since it violated the 1st amendment Facts: The Federal Election Commission enforced the statute |
| Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1977) | BG: Bakke was more qualified than the minorities to get into the college, but was rejected twice. Impact: Affirmative action. Facts: The college wanted to enroll minorities to address previous issue of unfair minority exclusions from medical programs. |
| Gideon v. Wainwright | BG: Gideon committed a crime, but couldn’t afford an attorney for his defense. Impact:6th amendment.Overturned Betts v Brady ,extended rights of council to state cases. Facts: Florida didn’t give him an attorney b/c it was only necessary in federal case |
| Miranda v. Arizona (1966) | BG: Miranda was arrested, signed statements, and interrogated for 5 days without being notified of his rights. Impact: 5th amendment Miranda rights. Facts: It is necessary for cops to let arrestees know of their rights. |
| Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) | BG: Griswold was convicted for counseling/medical treatment to married couples in conception. Impact: Right to privacy. Facts: Court ruled that Bill of Rights created privacy zones. |
| Roe v. Wade (1973) | BG: Roe wanted to abort her baby, Texas law made it illegal unless it was to save a the woman’s life. Impact: Right to privacy. Facts: Controversial issue, women have the right to choose if they want an abortion. |
| Baker v. Carr (1960) | BG: Baker said a 1901 law apportioning the seats for the Gen Assembly of the state was ignored. Impact: 14th amendment upheld. Facts: The case detailed how the efforts affected eco growth/pop shifts in the state. |
| Gitlow v. New York (1925) | BG: Gitlow was arrested for giving out pamphlet that called for creating socialism through strikes and class action. Impact: Selective Incorporation. Facts: Protected individual’s free speech and press found in 1st amendment. |
| New York Times v. Sullivan (1964) | BG: Newspaper had an article that defamed a Montgomery police personally but it contained factual issues. Impact: Freedom of Press – 1st amendment. Facts: Officials had to prove insults were malicious intentionally to be libel after case judgement. |
| Engel v. Vitale (1962) | BG: NY allowed a short, voluntary prayer to recite at the start of each school day. Impact: School sanctioned prayer in public schools is unconstitutional. Facts: Court used establishment clause to eliminate all sorts of religious activities. |
| Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971) | BG: State provided money to church-related edu institutions which violated 1st amendment. Impact: Lemon Test. Facts: Parochial schools couldn’t get reimbursed for salaries, textbooks, etc. |
| New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985) | BG:TLO was searched after being accused of smoking in school bathroom; she was caught with weed/paraphenelia. Impact:Rights in school are different from those out of school Facts: The 4th+14th amendment weren’t violated b/c school rights are different. |
| Gregg v. Georgia (1976) | BG: Gregg was sentenced to death after being found guilty of armed robbery and murder. Impact: 8th amendment. Facts: Death penalty doesn’t violate the Bill of Rights b/c it’s not cruel/unusual |
| United States v. Nixon (1974) | BG: Watergate scandal. Impact: Executive Privilege isn’t excused from judicial review. Facts: Nixon couldn’t use executive privilege for the subpoena that was involved with the Watergate affair. |
| Bush v. Gore (2000) | BG:FL wanted to manually recount its votes b/c there were enough ballots to put election outcome in doubt. Impact:Equal Protection clause Facts:Recounting ballots is unconstitutional and unfair.Record showed different standards applied in different area |
Created by:
k_kirk
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