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S. Anat 13
Vascular system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Vascular system consists of ___, ___, and ____ | Arteries, capillaries, veins |
| Vascular system circulates ___ | Blood |
| Vascular system circulates blood to provide___, ___and ____ | Gas, nutrients, waste exchange |
| Carry blood away from the heart | Arteries |
| High pressure vessel | Ateries |
| Arteries branch into smaller arteries until they become___ | Arterioles |
| Arterioles empty into ___ | Capillaries |
| Ateries have___layers | 3 |
| Artery layers (Aka) | Tunics |
| Artery layers 1 ____, 3____ | Inner, outter |
| First layer of an artery | Tunica intima |
| Tunica intima ___layer | Inner |
| The only layer that contacts the blood | Tunica intima |
| Tunica intima made of __ __epithelium | Simple squamous |
| Tunica intima epithelium (aka) | Endothelium |
| Tunica intima is ____ with the Endocardium | continuous |
| ____prevents clotting | Smoothness |
| Tunica intima produces____ | Nitrous Oxide |
| NO is a ___ | Vasodilator |
| Tunica media | Middle layer |
| Tunica media made of____muscle and ____connect tissue | Smooth, elastic |
| Tunica media helps maintain BP during _____ | Diastole (relaxation phase) |
| NO increases ____ of tunica media | Relaxation |
| Relaxation of tunica media ____BP | Lowers |
| SNS | Sympathetic Nervous System |
| SNS cause ____ | Vasoconstriction |
| Tunica media has and ___/___ elastic lamina | Internal and external |
| Internal elastic lamina separates____ 2 layers | Inner |
| External elastic lamina separates_____2 layers | Outer |
| Outer layer | Tunica externa |
| Tunica externa made of___ ___ fibrous connective tissue | Dense irregular |
| Dense irregular fibrous connective tissue provides strength to prevent______ | Rupture |
| Artery rupture (aka) | Aneurysm |
| Aneurysms are only in ___ | Arteries |
| Tunica media and externa are___ in ___arteries | Thick, large |
| Arterioles do not have a _____ | Tunica externa |
| *Loose tunica media made of individual smooth muscle cells that wrap around the tunica intima | |
| Individual smooth muscle allows it to prevent flow to ____ | Capillaries |
| Carry blood toward the heart | Veins |
| Veins have ___pressure | Low |
| Veins start as ____ | Venules |
| Venules start as | Capillaries |
| Venules tunica intima have flaps called___ | Valves |
| Valves are located in some veins in the ____extremities | Lower |
| Venules tunica media is ____ | Thinner |
| Tunica media is thinner because it does ____to regulate BP | Little |
| Connection/joining of vessels | Anastmoses |
| Artery to artery | Anastmoses |
| Vein to vein | Anastmoses |
| Anastmoses provides____when blockage occurs | Alternate pathways |
| Single layer vessels that connect arterioles to venules | Capillaries |
| Capillaries contain___cell | One |
| Capillaries cannot___ | Contract |
| Capillary is the diameter or one___ | RBC |
| *The number of capillaries in a tissue reflect that tissues metabolic activity | |
| Not all tissues contain____ | Blood vessels |
| Tissues with no blood vessels must get their nutrients via__ | Diffusion |
| Flow to capillaries is regulated by____ | Precapillary sphincters |
| Capillaries are not regulated by NS but by the tissues itself base on | Need |
| Takes the place of capillaries in some tissue | Sinusoids |
| Large cavities relative to capillaries-Sinusoids | |
| Sinusoids are more__ | Permeable |
| Permeability permits__ __ and __ to pass through | Large proteins, cells |
| Capillaries ___ material | Exchange |
| Capillaries exchange material between the ___and ___in the tissue in both directions | Blood, tissue fluid |
| Occurs because of the pressure in the vessel | Filtration |
| Pressure created in the capillary that creates a concentration gradient to pull fluid to blood | Colloid Osmotic pressure |
| COP | Colloid Osmotic pressure |
| COP created primarily because of__ | Albumin |
| COP can be thought of as “___” pressure that pulls H2o___the blood | Pulling, into |
| COP occurs toward the ___side of the capillary | Inner |
| COP helps maintain blood___ | Volume |
| The amount of interstitial fluid formed is slightly___than the amount reabsorbed | More |
| Excess interstitial fluid is returned via the _____ vessels | Lymphatic |
| Pulmonary flow pathways (adult)__,__,__(2),__,__(4)__ | RV, PT, PA(R&L),Lungs, PV(R&L), SVC |
| *Arteries are carrying deoxygenated blood and veins are carrying oxygenated blood | |
| Systemic circulation pathways (adults)_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_ | LV, Aorta, Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules, Veins, SVC, IVC, RA |
| Anatomically divided in three | Aorta |
| ___aorta has two branches | Ascending |
| ___aorta has R &L coronary artery | Ascending |
| ____has 3 branches | Aortic arch |
| 3branches supply | Head and upper extremities |
| ____trunk on right | Brachiocephalic |
| Brachiocephalic trunk branched into | R. common carotid artery& R. subclavian artery |
| Right common carotid supplies | Right side of the head |
| Right subclavian artery supplies | Right upper extremities |
| Left common carotid artery supplies | Left side of the head |
| Left subclavian artery supplies | Left upper extremities |
| Vertebral arteries branch off of | Subclavian arteries |
| Left subclavian changes to become ____artery | Axillary |
| Axillary artery becomes the ____artery at the arm | Brachial |
| Brachial artery branches and becomes the ____and ___ | Radial, Ulnar |
| ___aorta divided by diaphragm | Descending |
| ___aorta (above diaphragm) | Thoracic |
| ___abdominal (below diaphragm) | Abdominal |
| Abdominal into | Celiac |
| Celiac into(3) | Hepatic, Epigastric, Splenic |
| Right and left__artery | Renal |
| Artery at small intestines part of colon | Superior mesenteric |
| Artery at gonads | Gonadal |
| Artery supplying most of colon and rectum | Inferior mesenteric |
| Descending aorta ends at__ | L4 |
| Descending divides at L4 into | R&L common iliac arteries |
| Common iliac arteries divide into | Internal and external Iliac |
| Internal and external iliac arteries both divide into | Femoral and deep femoral arteries |
| Deep femoral changes its name at knee to_ | Popliteal |
| Popliteal artery splits to | Anterior and posterior tibial artery |
| Very important Anastmoses surrounding the pituitary | Circle of Willis |
| Formed by R&L internal carotid artery and basilar artery | Circle of Willis |
| Anterior, middle, posterior cerebral arteries branch off___and supply brain | Circle of Willis |
| Often parallel an artery and are named the same names | Vein |
| Popliteal v becomes | Femoral v |
| Great saphenous v combines with femoral v becomes | External iliac v |
| External and internal iliac v join to become | Common iliac v |
| R&L common iliac vein combine and become | IVC |
| Inferior mesenteric v join | IVC |
| Gonadal v join | IVC |
| Renal v join | IVC |
| R&L gastric v join | IVC |
| Intercostals v join | IVC |
| (Upper extremity) Median v becomes | Basilic |
| (Upper extremity)Basilic v combines with brachial v becomes | Axillary |
| (Upper extremity)Cephalic v joins with axillary and becomes | Subclavian |
| Directs blood from digestive organs before returning to heart | Hepatic portal circulation |
| Directs blood from spleen to liver before returning to heart | Hepatic portal circulation |
| (Hepatic portal circulation)superior mesenteric and splenic v unite to form | Hepatic portal vein |
| (Hepatic portal circulation)from the liver if flows into the ____ v which empties into IVC | |
| Placenta keeps the fetal and maternal blood____ | Separate |
| Placenta keeps blood separate yet allows exchange of_,_,_ | Gases, nutrients, waste |
| The umbilical cord has _ arteries and _vein | 2, 1 |
| Umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood ___fetus | Away |
| Umbilical veins carry oxygenated blood ___ fetus | Toward |
| Umbilical arteries branch off____artery | Iliac |
| Umbilical v branches one goes to__, most blood passes the__ | Liver, ductous venosous |
| Ductous venosous attaches to | IVC |
| Any other fetal circulation differences are regarding the ___ and are essentially to bypass lungs | Heart |
| Hole between atria in the Interatrial septum | Foramen ovale |
| Takes some of oxygenated blood to LA | Foramen ovale |
| Most of the blood allowed to pulmonary trunk is allowed to be bypassed by aorta | Ductus arteriosis |
| Velocity of blood flow, as cross sectional area increases velocity___ | Decreases |
| Total circulation time is about __ | 1 minute |
| The force the blood exerts against the wall of the vessels | Blood pressure |
| Filtration is dependent on | BP |
| BP in the pulmonary circulations | Pulmonary BP |
| Pulmonary BP is usually __of systemic circulation | 1/6 |
| Pressure when the LV contracts | Systolic |
| Systolic usually between | 90-120 |
| Pressure when LV relaxes | Diastolic |
| Diastolic usually between | 60-80 |
| ___of large arteries help maintain diastolic pressure and pulse pressure | Elasticity |
| The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure | Pulse pressure |
| Thickness of blood | Viscosity |
| Viscosity increased due to__ | Solids |
| ____increases vasoconstriction and heart rate | Epinephrine |
| ____increases vasoconstriction | Norepinephrine |
| ADH | Antidiuretic hormone |
| ADH ___reabsorption of water by kidneys | Increases |
| Aldosterone ___ reabsorption of water by kidneys increasing sodium reabsorption | Increases |
| ANP | Arterial Natriuretic Peptide |
| ANP___ loss of water | Increases |
| ANP ___excretion of sodium | Increases |
| 2 categories of BP regulations | Intrinsic mechanism, nervous mechanism |
| Mechanism within the cardiovascular system | Intrinsic |
| Mechanism controlled by ANS | Nervous |
| Vasomotor center in | Medulla |
| Vasoconstrictor area via | SNS |
| Vasodilator area via | PSNS |
Created by:
Sarsileigh
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