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Chp. 13 Vasc. System
Chap 13 The Vascular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The vascular systems constist of ________, capillaries and _________. | arteries, veins |
| pumps blood throught the _____. | body |
| the ______ of materials between the blood and _______ takes place in the capillaries. | exchange, tissues |
| The arteries and veins transport blood between the __________ and the ________. | capillaries, heart |
| _______ __________ (BP) is the force blood exerts against the walls of vessels. | blood pressure |
| normal blood pressure is essential for _________ and some material exchanges in the capillaries. | circulation |
| smaller arteries are called _______. | arterioles |
| there are 3 ________ of tissues in an artery. | layers |
| what are the 3 layers of an artery? | The tunica intima, tunica media and the tunica externa |
| What layer is the tunica intima? | the innermost layer |
| What type of tissue is the tunica intima made up of? | simple squamoous epithelium |
| what is another name for simple squamous epithelium? | endothelium |
| the endothelium lining is the same type of tissue that forms the _________. | myocardium |
| what is the function of the endothelium in arteries? | it's extreme smoothness and normal chemical composition prevent blood from clotting. |
| the endothelium of blood vessels also produce ________ that affect blood pressure. | chemicals |
| nitric oxide is a _________. | vasodilator |
| what is the function of nitric oxide? | stimulates relaxation of the smooth muscle of the middle layer of a vessel. |
| peptide endothelin stimulates ________ or the smooth muscle with makes it a ___________. | contraction, vasoconstrictor |
| What layer is the tunica media? | the middle layer |
| the tunica media is made up of ______ muscle and ________ connective tissue. | smooth, elastic |
| the tunica media and the tunica intima are involved in the maintenance of ___________ (diastolic/systolic) blood pressure. | diastolic |
| ________ of the tunica media brings about ________ of the vessel and a __________ (lower/higher) pressure. | relaxation, dilation, lower |
| contraction of the the tunica media brings about ___________ and a (higher/lower) pressure. | constriction, higher |
| increased sympathetic nerve impulses contribute to __________. | vasodilation |
| a _________ in impulses contribute to vasodilation. | decrease |
| what layer is the tunica externa? | the outer layer |
| what type of tissue forms the tunica externa? | fibrous connective tissue |
| is the tunica externa strong or weak? | very strong |
| what is the tunica externa stronger than the other layers of the arteries? | to prevent rupture or bursting of the larger arteries that carry blood under high pressure |
| the smooth muscle layer enables arteries to ______ or ______. | constrict or dilate |
| ______ carry blood from capillaries back to the ______. | veins, heart |
| smaller veins are called what? | venules |
| the same three tissue layers are present in veins as in the walls of _______. | arteries |
| The inner layer of veins is ______ endothelium, but sometimes this lining is folded to form ______. | smooth, valves |
| what is the function of valves? | to prevent backflow of blood |
| Where are veins most prominent? | the legs |
| ________ veins are swollen and distended veins that occur most often in the superficial veins of the legs. | varicose |
| is the middle layer of veins thin or thick? | thin |
| why is the middle layer of veins thin instead of thick? | veins do not regulate blood pressure and blood flow |
| veins can ______ extensively. | constrict |
| veins have a _________ (greater/lower) capacity than arteries. | greater |
| an _________ is a connection or joining of vessels. | anastomosis |
| an arterial anastomosis helps ensure ______ will get to their correct destination to deliver oxygen and remove _____ products. | blood, waste |
| a _______ anastomosis helps ensure blood can return to heart in order to be _______ again. | venous, pumped |
| capillaries carry blood from ______ to _______. | arterioles, venules |
| blood flow into capillary networks is regulated by _______ muscle cells called __________ _________. | smooth, precapillary sphincters |
| where are precapillary sphincters found? | at the beginning of each network |
| precapillary sphincters are not regulated by the NS, but do constrict or ______ depending on the needs of the ______. | dilate, tissues |
| precapillary sphincters are usually slightly __________. | constricted |
| _________ are larger and more permeable than other capillaries. | sinusoids |
| the permeability of sinusoids permits ______ substances like ________ and blood cells to enter or leave the blood. | large, proteins |
| where are sinusoids found? | in the red bone marrow (RBM) and spleen. also in organs like the liver and pituitary gland |
| _______ are the sites of ________ of materials between the blood and the tissue fluid surrounding the cells. | capillaries, exchanges |
| gases move by ________ from their area of _______ concentration to their area of ________ concentration. | diffusion, greater, lesser |
| filtration forces _____ and dissolved nutrients out of the capillaries and in to ______ fluid. | plasma, tissue |
| blood pressure ________ as blood reaches the venous end of capillaries. | decreases |
| albumin contributes to ______ _______ ________ (COP). | colloid osmotic pressure |
| what is COP? | an attracting pressure, a pulling pressure rather than a pushing pressure. |
| at the venous end of capillaries, the presence of _____ in the blood ____ tissue fluid into the capillaries. | albumin, pulls |
| the tissue fluid that returns to the blood also helps ______ normal blood volume and blood ______. | maintain, pressure |
| what are the two major pathways of circulation? | pulmonary and systemic |
| what is pulmonary circulation? | pulmonary circulation begins at the right ventricle. |
| Systemic circulation begins at the ____ ventricle. | left |
| ______ ______ circulation is a special segment of systemic circulation. | hepatic portal |
| the ____ ventricle pumps blood into the right and left pulmonary arteries, one going to each lung. | right |
| within the lungs, each artery branches into smaller arteries and arterioles, then to ________. | capillaries |
| the pulmonary capillaries surround the ____ of the lungs. | alveoli |
| capillaries unite to form venules, which merge into ____ and then into the two pulmonary veins. | veins |
| the _____ ventricle pumps blood into the aorta. | left |
| true or false: the aorta is the smallest artery in the body. | false: it is the largest artery in the body |
| the veins from the lower body take blood to the ______ vena cava. | Inferior |
| veins from the upper body take blood the the ______ ____ ____. | superior vena cava |
| the two caval veins return blood to the _____ atrium. | right |
| the aorta is divided into 4 sections. what are they? | ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta. |
| which section of the aorta comes first? | The ascending aorta which emerges form the top of the left ventricle |
| the arch of the aorta curves ________ over the heart and turns downward. | posteriorly |
| the _____ aorta continues downward through the chest cavity and through the diapragm. | thoracic |
| the abdominal aorta continues to the level of the 4th _____ vertebra, where it divides into the two common ___ arteries. | lumbar, iliac |
| the ascending aorta has two branches that are called the right and left coronary arteries. where do these arteries supply blood to? | the myocardium |
| the aortic arch has __ branches that supply blood to the head and ___. | 3, arms |
| some arteries in the head contribute to an important arterial anastomosis called the ______ of ______. | circle of willis |
| what does the circle of willis surround? | the pituitary gland |
| the circle of willis is formed by the ___ and ____ internal carotid arteries and the basilar artery. | right and left |
| the thoracic aorta and it's branches supply the _____ wall and the organs within the thoracic cavity. | chest |
| the abdominal aorta gives rise to arteries that supply the abdominal wall and organs and to the _____ _____ arteries. | common iliac |
| the _____ veins drain blood from organs or parts of the body and often parallel to their corresponding arteries. | systemic |
| hepatic portal circulation is a subdivision of _______ ____________ in which blood from abdominal digestive organs and spleen circulate. | systemic circulation |
| the fetus depends on the mother for ____ and _____ and for the removal of carbon dioxide. | oxygen, nutrients |
| the ______ contains fetal and maternal blood vessels that are very close to one another. | placenta |
| the fetus is connected to the placetna by the ______ _____. | umbilical cord |
| the umbilical cord contains two umbilical arteries and one _________ vein. | umbilical |
| the ________ _________ are branches of the fetal internal iliac arteries. | umbilical arteries |
| the umbilical vein carries ________ blood from the placenta to the ______. | oxygenated, fetus |
| the _____ ______ attaches to the inferior vena cava. | ductus venosus |
| what is the hole between the atria i the interatrial septum? | the foramen ovale |
| velocity of blood is the velocity or ______ with which blood flows. | speed |
| total circulation time is about one ______. | minute |
| ______ pressure is when the left ventricle contracts. | systolic |
| dystolic pressure is when the left ventricle ______. | relaxes |
| _____ is constant hight blood pressure. | hypertension |
| hypotension is _______ normal BP. | below |
| _______ _______ is the amount of blood returned from the veins tot he heart. | venous return |
| ______ muscle _____ is when skeletal muscles squeeze the veins and force blood back to the heart. | skeletal muscle pump |
| respiratory pump is during both ________ and _________ pressure squeezes pulmonary blood and forces it to the heart. | inhalation, exhalation |
| ______ of large arteries helps maintain diastolic pressure and pulse pressure. | elasticity |
| _____ pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure. | pulse |
| viscosity of the blood is _________ of the blood. | thickness |
| epinephrine _______ vasoconstriction and BP. | increases |
| _____ increases reabsorption of of H2O by the kidneys. | ADH |
| _______ increases reabsorption of H2O by the kidneys by increasing Na+ reabsorption. | aldosterone |
| ANP _______ loss of water by increasing excretion of Na+. | increases |
| the two categories of BP regulation are what? | intrinsic mechanisms and nervous mechanisms |
| intrinsic mechanisms are within the ____________ system. | cardiovascular |
| intrinsic mechanisms do not require _____ input. | nervous |
| Nervous mechanisms are controlled by the ___. | ANS |
| the vasomotor center is in the _____. | medulla |
Created by:
long2010
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