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Ch1 Drjolley
Chapter one
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is Anatomy | Study of the structure of the body |
| What is Physiology | Study of body functions |
| What is Pathophysiology | Study of disorders of functions |
| Levels of organization | Simple, basic to complex |
| what are chemicals | atoms and compounds |
| Smallest non living unit | Chemical |
| 2 types? | organic and inorganic |
| what does organic contain? | Carbon and H12 |
| what does inorganic contain? | Everything else |
| smallest living unit? | cells |
| What are tissues? | group of cells with similar structure and function |
| what does epithelial tissue do? | covers or lines body surfaces |
| what types are there of tissue? | squamous, cuboidal, stratified, simple |
| Connective tissue does what? | Connect and support parts of the body |
| Contraction for motility, glad secretion | Muscle tissue |
| generate and transmit electrochemical impulses | Nerve tissue |
| group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function | Organs |
| group of organs that work to perform a function | organ system |
| organ system had what systems in it? | urinary , digestive, respiratory system |
| all body functions contributing to a living being | organism |
| Chemical reaction and physical processes that take place in the body | Metabolism |
| speed at which the body produces energy and heat | metabolic rate |
| remaining mostly stable in a unstable environment | Homeostasis |
| Negative feedback | reversal of a function |
| positive feedback | enhancement of a function |
| example of positive feedback | child birth |
| anatomic position | standing arms at sides with palms forward |
| axillary | armpit |
| brachial | upper arm |
| buccal | cheek |
| oral | mouth |
| cardiac | heart |
| cervical | neck |
| cranial | head |
| cutaneous | skin |
| deltoid | shoulder |
| femoral | thigh |
| frontal | forehead |
| gastric | stomach |
| gluteal | buttocks |
| hepatic | liver |
| iliac | ilium |
| inguinal | inguinal |
| lumbar | small of back |
| mammary | breast |
| nasal | nose |
| occipital | back of head |
| orbital | eye |
| parietal | crown of head |
| patellar | knee cap |
| pectoral | chest |
| perineal | pelvic floor |
| plantar | sole of foot |
| popliteal | back of knee |
| pulmonary | lungs |
| renal | kidney |
| sacral | base of spine |
| temporal | side of head |
| umbilical | naval |
| volar | palm |
| superior | above, higher |
| inferior | below, lower |
| anterior | toward the floor |
| posterior | toward the back |
| ventral | toward the front |
| dorsal | toward the back |
| medial | toward the midline |
| lateral | away from the midline |
| internal | within |
| external | outside |
| superficial | toward the surface |
| deep | within |
| central | the main part |
| peripheral | extending from the main part |
| proximal | closer to the origin |
| distal | farther from the origin |
| parietal | pertaining to the wall of a cavity |
| visceral | pertaining to the organs within a cavity |
| 2 major body cavities | Dorsal and Ventral |
| cranial and spinal cavities | dorsal |
| cranial cavity | skull |
| spinal caivity | spinal column |
| ventral cavity | abdominal, thoracic, pelvic cavities |
| separated by diaphragm | Ventral cavity |
| thoracic cavity | heart, lungs |
| pleural membranes | serous membranes of the thoracic cavity |
| pleura | lines chest wall |
| visceral pleura | covers lungs |
| parietal pericardium | lines pericardical sac |
| viusceral pericardium | covers the heart |
| abdominal cavity | liver stomach intestines |
| pelvic cavity | below the pelvic rim |
| sections | cut of a body part |
| plane | imaginary flat |
| frontal sections | front and back |
| sagittal section | right and left |
| transverse section | upper and lower |
| cross section | perpendicular to the long axis of a structure |
| longitudinal section | plane along the long axis of a structure |
| quadrants | 4 sections divided by 2 imaginary lines, one vertical, and one horizontal |
| technical names for quadrants | RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ |
| Nine regions | 2 horizontal and 2 vertical lines |
| upper areas | above the rib cage |
| middle areas | right and left lumbar and umbilical |
| lower areas | right and left iliac and hypogastric |