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Study Guide Ch 11
Chabner, Language of Medicine 8th Edition, Chpt 11 Cardiovascular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A blood vessel that carries oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs | Pulmonary artery (this is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood) |
| Contraction phase of the heartbeat | systole |
| Valve which is located between the left upper and lower chambers of the heart | mitral valve (aka: bicuspid) |
| sac-like membrane surrounding the heart | pericardium |
| sensitive tissue in the right atrium wall that begins the heartbeat | Sinoatrial Node (SA node) |
| Blood vessels branching from the aorta to carry oxygen-rich blood *to the heart muscle* | coronary arteries |
| disease of heart muscle | cardiomyopathy |
| phlebitis | inflammation of a vein |
| instrument to measure blood pressure | sphygmomanometer (say: sphygmo - man - ometer) |
| local widening of an artery | aneurysm |
| cyanosis (is characterized by) | bluish coloration of the skin (cyan means blue) |
| All of these (listed) are characteristic of ________? 1. Blood is "held back" from an area. 2. Can lead to myocardial infarction 3. Can be caused by thrombotic occulusion of a blood vessel. 4. May be the result of coronary artery disease. | ischemia |
| Angina is... ? | chest pain (relieved with nitroglycerin) |
| Cardiac arrhythmia (is called?) | fibrilliation |
| petechiae | small, pinpoint hemorrhages |
| click-murmur syndrome (is found with?) | mitral valve prolapse (a valvular heart disorder in which one or both mitral valve flaps close incompletely during systole usually producing either a click or murmur) |
| four separate congenital heart defects | tetraology of Fallot (can you name them?) |
| "patent" means...? | open |
| the cause of essential hypertension is | idiopathic (essential/idopathic = unknown origin) |
| "Digitalis" (is a type of ___ used to ___?) | Drug, used to strengthen the heartbeat. |
| CK, LD, and AST (SGOT) are all _______ _______? | serum enzymes |
| describe an ECHO test | high frequency sound waves are transmitted into the chest |
| incision of a vein (although, it's actually a puncture) | phlebotomy (phleb/o = vein, -tomy = incision) A phlebotomy is the letting of blood for transfusion, apheresis, diagnostic testing, or experimental procedures |
| (procedure to) remove plaque from an artery | endarterectomy (surgical removal of the inner layer of an artery when thickened and atheromatous or occluded (as by intimal plaques) |
| A Holter monitor is | An EKG taken during daily activity |
| smallest blood vessel | capillary |
| largest ARTERY in the body | Aorta |
| lower chambers of the heart | ventricle(s) |
| Valve between the RIGHT atrium and RIGHT ventricle | Tricuspid valve |
| Carries blood FROM the lungs TO the heart | Pulmonary vein - the only vein which carries oxygenated blood. |
| Brings blood TO the heart from UPPER parts of the body | SUPERIOR Vena Cava |
| upper chamber of the heart | atrium (atria) |
| Valve between the LEFT atrium and ventricle (is the?) | Mitral Valve (bicuspid) |
| carries blood TO the lungs FROM the heart | Pulmonary Artery (the only artery which carries deoxygenated blood) |
| small artery | arteriole |
| rapid but *regular* atrial or ventricular contractions | flutter |
| (the condition of) improper closure of the valve between the left atrium and ventricle during systole (is called a?) | mitral valve prolapse |
| (disease) blockage of the arteries surrounding the heart - leading to ischemia | CAD - Coronary Artery Disease |
| high blood pressure affecting the heart | hypertensive heart disease |
| congenital narrowing of large artery leading from the heart | coarctation of the Aorta |
| rapid, random, ineffectual, and irregular contractions of the heart | Fibrillation |
| inability of the heart to pump its required amount of blood | congestive heart failure |
| congenital malformation involving four separate heart defects | Tetralogy of Fallot |
| (the act of) listening with a stethoscope (is called?) | auscultation (steth/o = chest) |
| lesions that form on heart valves after damage by infection | vegetations |
| petechiae | small, pinpoint hemorrhages |
| high blood pressure DUE TO kidney disease | secondary hypertension ( cause is known) |
| high blood pressure with *idiopathic* etiology (is known as?) | essential hypertension (idiopathic means the cause is not known) |
| local widening of an artery (is called an?) | aneurysm |
| pain, tension, and weakness in a limb after walking has begun | claudication |
| clots that travel to and suddenly block a vessel | emboli (embolism) |
| Describe Tetralogy of Fallot (not on study guide) | 1. Pulmonary Artery Stenosis ----- 2. Ventricular septal defect ----- 3. Shift of the aorta to the right ----- 4. Hypertrophy of the right ventricle. |
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