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Phleb Tech Spec 6
From Phlebotomy Technician Specialist
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| oliguria | diminished urination |
| anuria | absence of urine formation |
| uremia | presence of urea and excess waste products in the blood |
| Skeleton is divided into two parts: | Axial--skull, spine, ribs, sternum and hyoid bone and Appendicular: upper and lower extremities |
| smooth muscles are controlled by the autonomic nervous system and are: | involuntary. Walls of internal organs, vessels |
| ATP | Adenosine triphosphate-manufactured in the mitochondria of cells, produces energy for muscle contraction which is released inthe form of heat. |
| All myos whether skeletal, cardial or smoooth, have 4 common characteristics: | excitability, extensibility and elasticity |
| Central Nervous system: | brain and spinal cord |
| Peripheral nervous system | all other nerves. Divided into 2 divisions: Efferent or motor division-carry info FROM the CNS TO the organs, glands, myos and Afferent or information carrying to the CNS. |
| Atria: | heart's upper 2 chambers. Right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body, left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs. |
| Ventricles: | Lower 2 chambers of the heart. Pumping chambers. Right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs and the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body. |
| largest artery | aorta |
| veins carry: | deoxygenated blood TOWARD the heart. 1 exception is the pulmonary vein, which carris oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart. |
| Blood in the capillaries is a mix of: | venous and arterial blood |
| The internal opening of a vein: | lumen |
| arteries: | carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body's tissues, with 1 exception: the pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs. |
| The average adult has how much blood? | 4-5 qts. |
| Blood is composed of plasma and cellular elements. How much of it is plasma? | 55% It is approx. 92% water. The remaining 8% contains the following 7 substances called solutes: proteins, gases, nutrients, electrolyes, hormones, vitamins, enzymes, and metabolic waste products. |
| What 3 proteins are found in blood plasma? | Fibrogen, albumin, globulin |
| Fibrogen | necessary for blood clotting |
| Albumin | product of the liver. Helps to maintain the blood's osmotic pressure and volume |
| Globulin | formed in the liver and also the lymphatic system. These proteins, called prothrombins, help blood to coagulate |
| Name the blood gases: | Oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen are carried in blood plasma |
| The blood gases are carried in what bodily fluid? | Plasma |
| Where are electrolytes like sodium and potassium, calcium and magnesium found? | In plasma |
| Plasma carries metabolic waste products to: | the excretory organs |
| The heart pumps bood to the whole body through: | veins, capillaries and arteries |
| Electrolytes: | sodium, potasium, magnesium are found in plasma |
| Anticoagulant is mixed with whole blood for a minimum of 2 minutes. How soon must the testing occur? | within an hour of collection |
| In a coagulation test, using plasma, and an added anticoagulant. It seperates into 3 layers. What are they? | top layer is a clear straw-like fluid called plasma. Middle layer, the buffy coat, contains WBC and Thrombocytes and the bottom is RBC. |
| Cellular Elments are also called: | formed elements |
| Cellular or Formed elements are: | erthrocytes (RBC, leukocytes (WBC) and Thrombocytes (Platelets) |
| Main job of Erythrocytes or RBC | carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells and carry carbon dioxide from the cells back to the lungs. |
| Main job of leukocytes: | to destroy pathogens |
| Cells that contain granules in the cytoplasm are called: | granulocytes |
| Cells that do not have granuals are called: | agranulocytes |
| Phagocytosis: | pathogen is surrounded and engulfed by the wbc and eaten. |
| Phagocytosis: | the ingestion of foreign substnace or other particules, such as worn-out cells, by certain white blood cells |
| Neutrophils: | Approx. 65% of all WBC are these. May increase in patients with bacterial infections. |
| Eosinophils: | 3% of the total WBC and are referred to as "Eos". Increase in allergic reactions and in parasitic infestations. |
| Basophils: | comprise only 1% of the total WBC. "Basos" release histamine and heparin and help in the inflammatory process. |
| Monocytes: | The largest of the WBC. |
| Lymphocytes: | 15 to 30% of the total WBC. Two types: T-lymphocytes (T-cells) and B-lyphocytes (B-cells) |
| T-lymphocytes or T-cells do what? | Directly attack infected cells |
| B-lymphocytes (B-cells) do what? | Produce antibodies. Reside mainly in the lymphatic tissue and play a major role in immunity. |
| Thromboycytes do what? | Better known as platelets. They are the first on the scene at the site of an injury and are essential to the coagulation of the blood. |
| When a blood vessel is injured, the process whereby blood coagulates and bleeding stops is called: | hemostasis |
| What are the 4 major blood types: | A, B, AB and O |
| Blood types are determined by the presence or abcense of: | one of two blood proteins, called agglutinogens or antigens, located on the surface of red blood cells |
| People who have type A blood have the ___ antigen on the surface of their RBC's | A |
| People with type B blood have the ___ antigen on the surface of their RBC's. | B |
| People with AB blood have the aintigen __ on the surface of their RBC's | AB |
| People with O blood have ___ | neither A nor B antigen on the surface of their RBC's |
| Protein present in the plasma of a person's blood referred to as | Agglutin or antibody |
| A person with type A blood has ___ antibodies. | B |
| A person with type AB blood as ___ antibodies. | No |
| A person with type O blood has ___ antibodies. | Both A and B |
| Because type O blood lacks ____ it can be donated to all 4 blood types. | antigens |
| Type O blood is called the ____ donor. | universal |
| Type AB blood lacks ___ in its plasma, so it cannot agglutinate the red blood ceels of any donor. Therefore, type AB blood is the universal _____. | Recipient. |
| Agglutinate: | to clump or cause to clump, as bacteria or blood platelets. |
| A test called ________ is performed prior to a blood transfusion or surgery. | type and crossmatch |
| The study of the structure of an organism and the relationship of that organism to other parts of the body is the study of: | anatomy |
| ____ is the study of physical and chemical reactions taking place on a cellular level, resulting in the growth, repair, energy release and use of food by the body's cells. | Metabolism |
| The ___ is the basic unit of structure and function of all life an dis responsible for all activites of the body. | Cell |
| The ___ is located just below the diaphragm in the upper left portion of the abdomen and is divided into three sections: the fundus, body, and pyloric sphincter | STOMACH |
| RUQ | right upper quadrant |
| LUQ | left upper quadrant |
| LLQ | Left lower quadrant |
| LUQ | Left upper quadrant |
| ____ has the ability to bind oxygen directly to a red blood cell, increasing its oxygen carry capacity by 70% | hemoglobin |
| adult has approx. 5,000 to 10,000 ___ per cubic Ml of blood | WBC's |
| The myelin sheath is composed of a fatty substance containing _____, which protects the axon. | Schwann cells |
| The human adult body contains ____ bones. | 206 |
| A metabolic disorder and common condition of aging involving loss of nutrients and diminishing bone density is: | Osterperosis |
| A decrease in size or a wasting away of muscle tissue cause by lack of activity is called: | atrophy |
| The communication and coordination of all body functions is performed by the ___ system. | CNS-central nervous system |
| The specific, highly specialized cells of the nervous system are called ___ | neurons |
| The first section of the small intestine is: | Duodenum. The section of the small ints. into which the pancreatic duct and common bile duct empty. |
| The muscle for breathing is called: | smooth involuntary muscle-lungs |
| The medical term for muscle pain is: | myofascial pain |
| The outermost layer of the skin is called: | epidermis |
| The sweat glands are also called: | sodoriferous |
| The major function of the endocrine glands is to secrete: | hormones directly into the bloodstream |
| A condition called ___ develops in early infancy and is characterized by the lack of mental and physical growth, resulting in mental retardation and malformation. | Cretinism |
| The ___ are two bean-shaped organs situated at the dorsal aspect of the abdominal cavity. | kidneys |
| The need to void can be felt when the bladder contains approx. ___ mL of urine. | 500 mL or 1 pint |
| _____ is a straw-colored fluid found surrounding the tissue cells of the body. | lymph |
| The ___ is located in the upper anterior part of the thorax. Its main function is to produce lymphocytes or T-cells. | The thyus gland. |
| The male gametes are spermatozoa; the female gametesa are called: | Ova |
| In a male, the ____ is located in front of the rectum, just under the urinary bladder surrounding the opeing of the urethra. | Prostate gland |
| Bronchioles end in small, saclike clusters called: | alveoli |
| The big or great toe is on the ___ side of the foot. | Medial |
| ____ is a living substance and can only be found within a cell. | Cytoplasm |
| The body system that supports the body and protects its internal organs is the ____ system. | Skeletal |
| Bones are made up of hard, dense tissue and are covered by a membrane called the ____. | Periosteum |
| ____ comprises nearly half of the body's weight. | Muscles |
| Cardiac muscle is_____ and _____. | Striated and involuntary |
| The ___ is/are a protective membranous covering that protects both the brain and spinal cord: | meninges |
| The ___ nervous system conducts impulses from the CNS to the consciously controlled skeletal muscles: | somatic |
| A seizure disorder: | Epilspsy |
| A contagious fungal infection affecting the superficial layers of the skin: | Athletes foot |
| Inflammation of the gallbladder: | Cholecystitis |
| The function of the ___ system is to filter waste products and then secrete the waste products: | urinary |
| ___ is a form of cancer of the lymph nodes. | Hodgkin's disease |
| A very painful bacterial infection of the hair follicles or sebaceous glands usually caused by a staphylococcal organism is called : | Carbuncle |
| The liver, gallbladder and pancreas are considered accesory organs of the ____ system. | Digestive system |
| A condition caused by hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex symptoms including bronzing of the skin, decreased levels of blood glucose, fatigue, weight loss, and decreased sodium: | Addison's disease |
| A condition caused by decreased secretion of insulin from the islets of Langerhans cells of the epancreas: | diabetes mellitus |
| Inflammation of the kidney tissue and the renal pelvis is called: | Pyelonephritis |
| The _____ system works hand in hand with the circulatory system by acting as an intermediary between the blood in the capillaries and the tissues of the body: | lymphatic |
| The organ(s) of the female reproductive system which is hollow, thick-walled, pear shaped and highly muscular is/are the _____. | Uterus |
| The leading cause of cancer death in women is: | Ovarian |
| The type of respiration that occurs inside a cell is called: | Cellular respiration |
| The adult lungs hold approx. ______ liters of air, depending on the activity of the individual: | 3-4 |
| A patient experiencing _____ will have severe chest pain, which may radiate down the left arm, caused by a lack of O2 to the heart tissues: | Angina pectoritis |
| The main function of WBC's is to destroy pathogens. This is accomplished by: | Phagocytosis |
Created by:
wildmindgirl
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