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Ch 6 Heart
Ch 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mediastinum | area between lungs containing heart, aorta, venae cavae, esophagus and trachea |
| sternum | long, flat bone forming center of anterior wall of chest |
| diaphoresis | sweat, perspiration, or sweaty |
| endocardium | connective tissue lining inside of heart |
| myocardium | cardio muscle cells that contract |
| epicardium | outer single layer of cells overlaying a then later of connective tissue |
| pericardium | double-layered connective tissue sac surrounds/protects heart |
| ischemia | lack of blood supply to tissue |
| infraction | sudden blockage or artery |
| infract | area of cell death resulting from infraction |
| coronary circulation | blood vessels supplying the heart muscle |
| aorta | main trunk of systemic arterial system |
| atrium | chamber where blood enters heart on both right and left sides |
| bicuspid | having 2 points (bicuspid heart valve has 2 flaps) |
| -cusp | point |
| interatrial | between atria of heart |
| interventrical (IV) | between ventricles of heart |
| mitral | "turban"; shaped like headdress of Catholic bishop |
| Septum | thin wall dividing 2 cavities |
| tricuspid | having 3 points |
| ventricle | "small belly" chamber of heart (pumps blood) or cavity in brain (produces cerebrospinal fluid) |
| atrial systole | atria contract |
| ventricular diastole | ventricles relax |
| arrhythmia | heart rhythm is abnormal |
| atrioventricular (AV) | pertaining to atrium and ventricle |
| diastole | "dilation" of heart cavities when filling with blood |
| dysrhythmia | abnormal heart rhythm |
| murmur | "low voice"; abnormal heart sound when valve opens/closes |
| sinoatrial (SA) node | center of modified cardiamuscle fibers in wall of right atrium that acts as pacemaker for heart rhythm |
| sinum rhythm | normal (optimal) heart rhythm arising from sinoatrial node |
| systole | contraction of heart muscle |
| atrial fibrillation (A Fib) | 2 atria quiver rather than contract correctly to pump blood. Causes blood to pool in atria and may clot |
| Ventricular tachycardia (V-tach) | Rapid heartbeat occurring in ventricles |
| Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) | extra impulses arise from ventricle |
| ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) | Ventricles lose control, quivering, not pumping |
| Heart block | interference in cardiac electrical conduction prevents atria's contractions from coordinating with ventricles contractions |
| Palpitations | rapid/irregular heartbeat brought on by exercise, anxiety, or caffeine |
| automatic external defibrillators (AED) | electric shock stops heart temporarily so normal contraction rhythm can resume |
| implantable cardioverter/defibrillator (ICD) | senses abnormal rhythms same as AED |
| cardioversion | defibrillation |
| stenosis | narrowed/constricted |
| incompetence/insufficiency | heart valve cannot fully close; allowing blood to leak or regurgitate |
| mitral valve stenosis | following rheumatic fever. Blood cant flow freely through valve left atrium becomes dilated. Chronic heart failure results. |
| mitral valve prolapse | cusps of valve bulge back into left atrium when left ventricle contracts |
| aortic valve stenosis | common in elderly when valve becomes calcified due to atherosclerosis. Blood flow into systemic circulation diminished--dizzy faint. Left ventricle dilates, hypertrophies, and ultimately fails |
| aortic valve incompetence | left ventricle unable to coupe with excess volume of blood and fails |
| Aortic valve replacement (tissue valves) | tissue valves that can come from a pig or cow human cadaver (dead person), or patient's own pericardium. |
| Endocarditis | inflammation of heart's lining |
| pericarditis | inflammation of covering of heart |
| exudate (pericardial effusion) | leads to life-threatening condition--cardiac tamponade Fluid passed out of tissue or capillaries as result of inflammation or injury |
| Cardiomegaly | heart enlargement |
| cor pulmonale | right-sided heart failure arising from chronic lung disease |
| coronary thrombosis | platelet clumping occurs on erosclerotic plaque and form blood clot |
| atherosclerosis | arteries hardening |
| occlude | "close"; close, plug,completely obstruct |
| cardiogenic shock | heart fails to pump blood through bodys organs and tissues |
| anoxia | lack of oxygen in body tissues |
| asystole | no heartbeat |
| angina pectoris | pain in chest on exertion is first symptom of reduced oxygen supply to myocardium. |
| circulatory shock | cardiac output is insufficient to meet body's metabolic needs |
| hypovolemic shock | loss of blood volume due to excessive bleeding or dehydration |
| idiopathic | unknown |
| atrial septal defect | hole in interatrial septum |
| venticular septal defect | gap in interventricular septum |
| patent ductus arteriosus | arises from failure of ductus atterious to close within 24 hrs of birth |
| coarctatiaon of aorta | narrowing of aorta shortly after artery to left arm branches from aorta |
| tetralogy of fallot | syndrome in which four congenital heart defects force blood away from lungs |
| lipid profile | determines risk of CAD: total cholestoral, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides |
Created by:
cutekelly89
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