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HHS Digestive System
Diagnostic, Symptomatic, and Related Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mastication | mechanical breakdown of food |
| Halitosis | Offensive, or “bad” breath |
| Deglutition | moving to the back of the mouth for swallowing |
| Papillae | rough projections on tongue, contain taste buds |
| Dysphagia | Inability or difficulty in swallowing; also called aphagia |
| Oral Leukoplakia | Formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips or cheek caused by irritation |
| Pharynx | Serves as a passageway to the respiratory & GI tracts |
| Epiglottis | covers trachea to keep food out of the trachea during swallowing |
| Esophagus | Tube that leads to the stomach |
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) | Backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus |
| Sphincter | circular band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening of the body |
| Pyloric Stenosis | Stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter at the outlet of the stomach, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow or food into the small intestine |
| Regurgitation | Backward flowing, the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach |
| Rugae | macroscopic longitudinal folds within the mucous membrane of the stomach |
| Chyme | food bolus becomes semiliquid |
| Eructation | Producing gas from the stomach, usually with a characteristic sound; also called belching |
| Flatus | Gas in the GI tract; expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus |
| Peristalsis | coordinated, rhythmic muscle contractions |
| Colon | absorbs water & minerals & eliminated undigested material |
| Borborygmus | Rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine |
| Colic | Spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ especially in the colon, accompanied by pain |
| Dyspepsia | Epigastric discomfort felt after eating; also called indigestion |
| Dysentery | Inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, that may be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites, which result in bloody diarrhea |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) | Symptoms complex marked by abdominal pain & altered bowel function, no cause can be determined |
| Obstipation | Severe constipation; may be caused by an intestinal obstruction |
| Steatorrhea | Passage of fat in large amounts in the feces due to failure to digest and absorb it |
| Appendix | the function is unknown |
| Appendicitis | Inflammation of the appendix, usually due to obstruction or infection |
| Appendectomy | Surgical removal of the appendix |
| Cirrhosis | Scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease |
| Pancreas | lies posterior to the stomach performs endocrine & exocrine functions |
| Gallbladder | a saclike structure on the inferior surface of the liver serves as storage area for bile |
| Cholelithiasis | Presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder of common bile duct |
| Gastroenterology | Branch of medicine concerned with digestive diseases |
| Gastroenterologist | The physician who diagnoses and treats digestive disorders |
| Ulcer | is a circumscribed open sore, on the skin or mucous membranes within the body |
| Peptic Ulcer Disease | develops in GI Tract from exposure to hydrochloric acid & pepsin |
| Ulcerative Colitis | Chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine & rectum |
| Stoma | An opening of the bowel through the abdominal wall |
| Colostomy | creation of an opening of a portion of the colon through the abdominal wall to its outside surface in order to divert fecal flow to a colostomy bag |
| Endoscopy | Visual examination of a cavity or canal using a flexible fiberoptic instrument called an endoscope |
| Hernia | a protrusion of any organ, tissue, or structure through the wall in which it is naturally contained |
| Inguinal Hernia | in the groin where the abdominal folds of flesh meet the thighs |
| Strangulated Hernia | when the blood supply to the hernia is cut off |
| Umbilical Hernia | protrusion of part of the intestine at the navel |
| Diaphragmatic Hernia | congenital disorder in which the organs of the abdomen push up through the diaphragm into thorax |
| Hiatal Hernia | lower part of the esophagus & top of stomach slide through an opening in the diaphragm into thorax |
| Hernioplasty | Surgical repair of the hernia |
| Herniorrhaphy | Suture of the abdominal wall to prevent herniation |
| Intestinal Obstruction | partial or complete blockage in the small or large intestine that prevents forward flow of digestive products |
| Mechanical Obstructions | caused by tumors, scars, twisting |
| Nonmechanical Blockage | caused by surgeries, spinal cord lesions |
| Hemorrhoids | Enlarged veins in the mucous membrane of the anal canal |
| Hemorrhoidectomy | surgical removal of hemorrhoids |
| Hepatitis | an inflammatory condition of the liver, forms range A - E |
| Diverticulosis | a condition in which small, blisterlike pockets (diverticula) develop in the inner lining of the large intestine may balloon through intestinal wall |
| Diverticulitis | when diverticula become inflammed |
| Gastric Adenocarcinoma | from the epithelial mucosal lining of the stomach in the form of a cancerous glandular tumor |
| Colorectal Cancer | arises from the epithelial lining of the large intestine |
| Anorexia | Lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat |
| Ascites | Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen |
| Hematemesis | Vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus |
Created by:
jeannette.johnson
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