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Bio110 Chapter 6
Skeletal System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The function of the skeletal system is to provide the structural _________ for the body | Support |
| The Skeletal system allows ___________ by providing attachment sites for muscles | Movement |
| The skeletal system provides _________ for some of the internal organs | Protection |
| The name for blood formation is | Hemopoiesis |
| Hemopoiesis is the name for ______ formation | Blood |
| Blood is produced in the ____ bone marrow | Red |
| Red bone marrow produces ______ cells | Blood |
| Hemopoiesis occurs in ____ bones and in the _________ of long bones | Flat, Epiphysis |
| The functions of the skeletal system are- provides framework, movement, protection, hemopoiesis and ________ storage | Calcium |
| The hormones responsible for calcium level maintenance in the blood are ________ & _________ hormone | Calcitonin & Parathyroid hormone |
| ________ is essential for many body functions including clotting & muscle & nerve function | Calcium |
| Bone tissue is made of ____________ tissue | Connective |
| Bone cells are called | Osteocytes |
| Bone tissue contains osteocytes & ______ | Matrix |
| Osteocytes are _____ cells | Bone |
| Bone tissue matrix is made of ________ salts & ________ | Calcium & collagen |
| Calcium salts & collagen make up the ______ of bone tissue | matrix |
| There are __ types of bone tissue | two |
| The two types of bone tissue are _______ & ______ | Compact & spongy |
| Another name for Compact bone is _______ bone | Cortical |
| Compact bone is made up of columns called Osteons or _________ _________ | Haversian Systems |
| Concentric rings surround a _________ canal | Haversian |
| A haversian canal is surrounded by ___________ rings | Concentric |
| Haversian canals contain ______ vessels | blood |
| Osteocytes are in the spaces called | Licunae |
| Osteocytes communicate via __________ | Canaliculi |
| Canaliculi are how __________ communicate | Osteocytes |
| Spongy bone is also called __________ bone | Cancellous |
| Spongy bone is very _______ | porous |
| _______ bone is very porous | Spongy |
| ______ bone does not have haversian systems | spongy |
| Spongy bone does not have _________ systems | haversian |
| ___________ regulate the amount of calcium in the bone matrix | Osteocytes |
| Bone ______ is made of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate | matrix |
| The 4 classifications of bones are Long, ______, flat & _________ | Short, irregular |
| There are __ classifications (shapes) of bones | four |
| ____ bones are longer than they are wide | Long |
| Examples of long bones are the | Femur, humerus, tibia, ulna, radius, fibula (any of these) |
| The parts of a long bone are the Diaphysis, Metaphysis, & __________ | Epiphysis |
| The diaphysis is also called the | shaft |
| The shaft of a long bone is called the | Diaphysis |
| The ends of long bones are called the | epiphysis |
| The metaphysis is between the epiphysis and the | diaphysis |
| The metaphysis contains the growth plate called the _________ _____ | epiphyseal disc |
| The marrow canal of a long bone is called the | Medullary |
| The medullary is also known as the _______ canal | marrow |
| The medullary canal contains _______ bone marrow | yellow |
| Yellow bone marrow is mostly made up of _______ tissue | adipose |
| _____ bones are about the same length as width | short |
| Carpals and Tarsals are examples of _____ bones | short |
| The skull, ribs and ilia are examples of _____ bones | flat |
| Vertebrae and facial bones are examples of ________ bones | irregular |
| Examples of flat bones are the _____, ____ & ilia | skull & ribs |
| Examples of irregular bones are _______ & ______ bones | vertebrae & facial |
| Short, flat, and irregular bones are all made of ______ bone covered with a thin layer of ______ bone | Spongy, compact |
| Long bones are made of mostly ______ bone | compact |
| ________ cartilage covers the opposing surfaces of synovial joints | Articular |
| Articular cartilage covers the opposing surfaces of ________ joints | synovial |
| Articular cartilage is very ______ to reduce _______ | smooth, friction |
| ___________ is the fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers bone | Periosteum |
| Periosteum is the fibrous connective tissue that covers _____ | Bone |
| _________ fibers merge with ligaments and tendons to attach them to the bone | Periosteum |
| Periosteum fibers merge with _________ and ______ to attach them to bone | Ligaments and tendons |
| The ___________ of a bone contains blood vessels and nerves | periosteum |
| The ___________ contains osteoblasts that become active after injury | periosteum |
| The periosteum contains __________ that become active after injury | osteoblasts |
| During embryonic growth, the skeleton is a template/model of _______ or _____ _________ tissue | cartilage or fibrous connective tissue |
| In embryonic bone growth there are __ types of bone development | two |
| The two types of embryonic bone growth are _____________ ossification & _____________ossification | intramembranous, endochondral |
| Intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification are the two types of _________ ____ growth | embryonic bone |
| Osteoblasts form bone matrix in a process called | ossification |
| Epiphyseal discs close between age 16-25 under the influence of ________ or _________ | estrogen or testosterone |
| __________ break down bone by resorption | Osteoclasts |
| Osteoclasts break down bone by _________ | resorption |
| Osteoclasts function in maintenance and _______ of bone | repair |
| The condition of decreased bone matrix which causes weakness and a higher potential for fracture is called | Osteoporosis |
| The skeleton has __ divisions | two |
| The two divisions of the skeleton are | Axial and appendicular |
| The _____ skeleton forms the axis of the body | axial |
| The skull, spine and rib cages form the _____ skeleton | axial |
| The _________ skeleton forms the appendages and girdles | appendicular |
| The appendicular skeleton forms the _______ and ______ | appendages and girdles |
| __________ are fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone | Ligaments |
| Ligaments are fibrous connective tissue that connects ______ to ______ | bone to bone |
| Ligaments are _______ connective tissue that connects bone to bone | fibrous |
| _______ attach muscles to bone | Tendons |
| Tendons attach _______ to bone | muscle |
| A foramen is a ____ or ________ | hole or opening |
| A hole or opening is called a ________ | foramen |
| A depression or dent is called a ______ | Fossa |
| A fossa is a ________ or ____ | depression or dent |
| A crest is a _____ or ____ | ridge or edge |
| A _____ is a ridge or edge | crest |
| A meatus is a ______ or __________ | tunnel or passageway |
| A ______ is a tunnel or passageway | meatus |
| A process is a __________ or something that sticks out | Projection |
| A _______ is a projection or something that sticks out | process |
| A ____ is a flat projection | Facet |
| A facet is a flat __________ | projection |
| A condyle is a _________ projection | rounded |
| A _____ is a rounded projection | condyle |
| A plate is a flat ________ | projection |
| A _____ is a flat projection | plate |
| A tubercle is a _____ projection | round |
| A ______ is a round projection | tubercle |
| A tuberosity is a _______ projection | round |
| A ________ is a round projection | tuberosity |
| The skull contains _ cranial bones, 14 facial bones, 6 auditory bones, and the hyoid bone | eight |
| The cranial bones surround the _______ and protect it and the eyes and ears | brain |
| The _______ bones surround the brain and protect it and the eyes and ears | cranial |
| The eight cranial bones are the frontal b., parietal b., temporal b., ________ b., sphenoid b., and the ethmoid b. | occipital |
| The joints of the skull are called _______ | sutures |
| Sutures are ____________ joints | immovable |
| The coronal suture is between the ______ and _______ bones | Frontal and parietal |
| The squamosal suture is between the _______ and _______ bones | parietal and temporal |
| The Lambdoidal suture is between the _______ and ______ bones | Parietal and accipital |
| The sagittal suture is between _______ bones | Parietal |
| The mandible is the ______ ____ bone | lower jaw |
| The ________ is the lower jaw bone | mandible |
| The maxillae are the _____ ___ bones | upper jaw |
| The ________ are the upper jaw bones | Maxillae |
| The nasal bone forms the ______ of the nose | bridge |
| The _____ bone forms the bridge of the nose | nasal |
| The lacrimal bone forms the medial _____ of the ____ | orbit of the eye |
| The ______ bone forms the medial orbit of the eye | lacrimal |
| The zygomatic bones form the _____ bones of the face | cheek |
| The __________ bones form the cheek bones of the face | zygomatic |
| The palatine bones form the _________ part of the hard palate | posterior |
| The _________ bones form the posterior part of the hard palate | palatine |
| The vomer forms the lower part of the ______ ______ | nasal septum |
| The ______ forms the lower part of the nasal septum | vomer |
| The vertebral column is also called the ______, ______ column or backbone | spine, spinal |
| The _________ _______ is also called the spine, spinal column or backbone | vertebral column |
| There are _ cervical vertebrae | seven |
| There are seven _______ vertebrae | cervical |
| There are __ thoracic vertebrae | twelve |
| There are twelve _________ vertebrae | thoracic |
| There are __ lumbar vertebrae | five |
| There are __ fused vertebrae in the sacrum | five |
| There are _-_ fused vertebrae in the coccyx | 4-5 |
| The ____ of the vertebra is the weight bearing part | body |
| The ______ process of a vertebra is the posterior projection | Spinous |
| The spinous process of a vertebra is the ________ projection | posterior |
| The ________ processes of a vertebra are the lateral projections | Transverse |
| The transverse processes of a vertebra are the _______ projections | lateral |
| The normal curves of the spine curve _________ to posterior | anterior |
| The curves of the cervical and lumbar spine are called | Lordosis |
| The curves of the thoracic and sacral spine are called | Kyphosis |
| _______ curves of the spine are NOT normal | Lateral |
| Lateral curves of the spine is called _________ if greater than 15 degrees | Scoliosis |
| The rib cage has __ pairs of ribs and a sternum | twelve |
| The sternum has three parts, the ___________, body, and _________ process | manubrium, xiphoid |
| The manubrium is the ___ part of the sternum | top |
| The main part of the sternum is also called the | gladiolum |
| Ribs 1-7 are called _____ ribs | true |
| True ribs articulate directly with the | sternum |
| Ribs 8-10 are called ______ ribs | false |
| Ribs 11 & 12 are called ________ ribs | floating |
| Floating ribs do not articulate with the ________ | sternum |
| The shoulder girdle attaches the ___ to the axial skeleton | arm |
| The shoulder girdle includes the _______ & _______ | scapula & clavicle |
| The scapula is also known as the ________ _____ | shoulder blade |
| The ________ fossa is the lateral depression for the head of the humerus | glenoid |
| The ________ process is the attachment for bicipital tendons | Coracoid |
| The ___________ process attaches to the clavicle to form the AC joint | Acromicon |
| The ________ is the long bone of the upper arm | humerus |
| The _______ tubercle is the attachment of the deltoid muscle to the humerus | deltoid |
| The distal end of the humerus articulates with the ____ to form a hinge joint and the _____ to form a pivot joint | Ulna, radius |
| The _____ articulates with the head of the radius | Capitulum |
| The capitulum articulates with the head of the | radius |
| The ________ articulates with the semilunar notch of the ulna | trochlea |
| The trochlea articulates with the semilunar notch of the | ulna |
| The olecranon process is the bump that we call our | elbow |
| The _______ is the lateral of the two forearm bones | radius |
| The radius bone allows for pronation and _________ of the hand | supination |
| The ______ bone allows for pronation and supination of the hand | radius |
| The _______ are the eight wrist bones | carpals |
| The carpals of the wrist form a ______ joint | gliding |
| ____________ are the long bones of the hand | Metacarpals |
| The carpal to thumb phalange joint is a ________ joint | saddle |
| _________ are the finger bones | Phalanges |
| The pelvic girdle is also known as | the pelvis |
| The bones of the pelvis are the ______, ______, & _______ | pubis, ischium, & ilium |
| Female pelvises are _______ than males | wider |
| The ___________ is the socket for the head of the femur | acetabulum |
| The ______ is the long bone of the thigh | femur |
| The _______ trochanter is the lateral projection on the proximal end of the femur | greater |
| The greater ________ anchors the abductors to the femur | trochanter |
| The _______ trochanter is the medial projection on the proximal end of the femur | lesser |
| the lesser ________ anchors the extensors and adductors to the femur | trochanter |
| The patella is also know as the ________ | kneecap |
| The kneecap is also known as the ________ | patella |
| The _____ is the weight bearing bone of the lower leg | tibia |
| The anterior crest forms the _____ _________ (ridge on the front of the leg) | tibial tuberosity |
| The medial malleolus is better known as the | ankle |
| The ______ is the non=weight-bearing bone of the lower leg | fibula |
| The _______ are the seven ankle bones | tarsals |
| The tarsals are the seven bones of the | ankle |
| The proper name for the heel bone is | calcaneus |
| The calcaneus is the largest ______ bone | tarsal |
| The foot bones are the ____________ | metatarsals |
| The metatarsals are the long ____ bones | foot |
| The proper name for the big toe is the | hallux |
| The hallux is the proper name for the | big/great toe |
| Joints are classified based on amount of | movement |
| Synarthrosis joints are ___________ joints | immobile |
| Cranial and facial sutures are examples of ___________ joints | synarthrosis |
| Amphiarthrosis joints are ________ ________ joints | slightly movable |
| The pubic symphysis is an example of a _____________ joint | amphiarthrosis |
| Diarthrosis joints are __________ ________ joints | freely movable |
| Shoulder, knee and elbow joints are examples of _________ joints | Diarthrosis |
| All synovial joints are __________ joints | diarthrosis |
| All diarthrosis joints are _______ joints | synovial |
| A ______ is a sac of synovial fluid that provides cushion in a synovial joint | bursa |
| Synovial joints have a _________ membrane that lines the capsule | synovial |
| Synovial membranes secrete synovial fluid to __________ & _______ the cartilage | lubricate & nourish |
| _________ cartilage is on the joint surface of each bone | Hyaline |
| Hyaline cartilage is on the ______ ______ of each bone | joint surface |
| The type of bone that is made of osteons is ________ bones | compact |
| The type of bone that is NOT made of osteons is ________ bones | spongy |
| Flat and irregular bones are made primarily of ________ bone | Spongy |
| The shafts of long bones are made primarily of ________ bone | compact |
| Compact bone forms the ______ of a long bone | diaphysis |
| Bone tissue is made of cells called _________ and the non-living part is called the ______ | osteocytes, matrix |
| Bone matrix is made primarily of ________ salts & phosphorus | calcium |
| New bone matrix for growth is produced by cells called | osteoblasts |
| Reabsorption of bone matrix is the function of cells called | osteoclasts |
| The function of osteoclasts is to reabsorb bone ______ | matrix |
| Red bone marrow produces _____, _____,& _____ | RBC's, WBC's, & platelets |
| All kinds of blood cells are produced in the _____ bone marrow | Red |
| Yellow bone marrow found in the diaphysis of long bones is mostly ______ tissue | adipose |
| The embryonic cranial bones are first made of ________ __________ tissue | fibrous connective |
| Compression of a baby's head during birth is permitted by the presence of _______ between cranial bones | fontanels |
| The nutrient needed to absorb calcium is | vitamin D |
| Two vitamins necessary for the calcification process in growing bones are vitamin _ & _ | A & C |
| Protein in the diet is needed to form the _____ in the bone matrix of a growing child | collagen |
| The hormone that increases the reabsorption of calcium from bones is ___________ hormone | parathyroid |
| The hormone that decreases the reabsorption of calcium from bones is | calcitonin |
| The hormones that promote the closure of the epiphyseal discs are _______ & ________ | estrogen & testoterone |
| The hormone that contributes to bone growth by increasing the rate of mitosis is | growth hormone |
| The skull is made lighter by the presence of _______ in some of the bones | sinuses |
| The heart, liver and lungs are protected from mechanical injury by the | rib cage |
| The mandible and temporal bones form a ______ joint | condyloid |
| Of condyloid, gliding and symphysis joints, __________ is the one that is NOT a synovial joint | symphysis |
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