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WMD TECH II
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 2 types of degradation to CDC or PPE | Chemical and physical degradation. |
| chemical degradation | can be minimized by minimal contact with chemicals, effective decon, and PPE compatibility |
| physical degradation | occurs when garment rubs against a rough surface. Efforts should be made to avoid physical damage. |
| Nail Punctures can be repaired by these. (Wooden) | Plug |
| penetration | the movement of material through a suits closures.(zippers, seams...) Haz mats can also enter through cracks and tears |
| Air Cooled | Consists of small airlines attached to vests , jackets or CPC to provide convective cooling by blowing air over the body. Dis/ req. breathing airline, not as effective as a body core controlling unit. |
| Ice Cooled | Consists of frozen ice or cooling packs as part of a vest. inexpensive and light weight, reduces fogging. Dis/ req. of ice source and coolant packs, can be heavy and bulky |
| Water cooled | Heat transfer vest or full body suit and cooling unit, the most effective. Dis/ weight and bulk, ice supply or refrigeration unit and pump on scene |
| Any leaks or damage to a drum should be _______ before the drum is overpacked. | temporarily repaired |
| 3 ways to overpack a drum | 1) Rolling slide in 2) Slide in 3) Slip over (Up ending) |
| Recommendations on maintenance, inspection, calibration, bump tests, cleaning, and warm up periods | Manufacturers Recommendations |
| These affect the quality of a reading given by instruments. I.E. extreme temperature, altitude, dust, RF, barometric pressure and humidity. | External Influences |
| Phase Change cooling tech | creates a constant temp vest and is a completely unique body management device. maintains temp of 59degF |
| Selecting protective clothing at hazmat wmd incident | appropriate criteria established by epa and osha. must be compatible with chemicals to be exposed. HMT should know how to find info regarding use. |
| NFPA 1991 | standard on vapor protective suits, requires a manufacturer to provide doc. a garments permeation resistance for 3 hours against 21 chemicals |
| A majority of Hazmat equipment has a Limited _______ ________. (time) | Shelf Life |
| When dealing with detectors, these may range from chemical to chemical and may range from seconds to minutes. | Response Times |
| level A | highest level of resp, eye, and skin protection. fully encapsulating suit constructed with a material with the substances involved with a scba |
| level B | same level of resp protection an A but less skin protection, requires chemical resistant clothing. not for high concentrations of hazardous vapors that pose a severe skin hazard |
| level C | The same skin protection as a B but lower respiratory protection. requires air purifying respirator. not for IDLH atmospheres with below 19.5% o2 |
| level D | no resp protection and minimal skin, normal work or duty clothes, can not be used on 02 deficient environments or in IDLH |
| true or false...colormetric indicator and detector tubes may be interchangeable between brands of detectors. | false |
| These and electromagnetic fields can give a false positive reading..... | weak batteries |
| True or false....FID's, organic vapor analyzers and halogen leak detectors are always intrinsically safe | False. Some are not. |
| 4 physiological and psychological stresses of ppe | Visibility-little or no peripheral. Communication-loss of comm, develop signals. Mobility-loss of dexterity and tactile feel. Heat-increase in heat stress, should hydrate |
| Minimal level of resp protection | min level for osha is pos press scba until determined otherwise by the IC |
| When dealing with a confined space, what is the acronym for determining hazards | FOOT. flammability, oxygen enriched, oxygen deficient, toxic atmosphere |
| name 3 things you can do or ensure that are Safety Considerations for Product Transfer Ops. | Bonding, grounding, Eliminating Ignition sources |
| MC407 is designed to melt above the liquid line. True or False | False, you were thinking of a 406. What an idiot! |
| True or flase...a DOT 406 is designed to melt above the liquid level. | True a DOT 406 is also known as a MC 306 |
| In a container gasoline will burn at approximately ________ per hour. | one foot |
| a controlled burn will minimize __________ and ___________ contamination. | ground water and surface water |
| name 3 types of methods to control leaks in cargo tanks | wooden plugs, patches and dome caps |
| These are chemical and physical methods used to thoroughly remove contaminants from responders, their equipment, patients & victims. Usually conducted in a formal line after gross decon. It is also determined by the contaminants involved at the incident. | Technical and Formal decon. (Both are the same) |
| Used to conduct DECON of multiple people at the same time. Uses copious amounts of water from low pressure hoselines or other sources. | Gross Decon |
| Three things one would evaluate during an incident. | Incident stabilization or Increasing in Intensity, Evaluating Effectiveness of Action Options, Evaluating Effectiveness of Decon |
| Air Purifying Respirators | contains air purifying filter, cartridge or canister that remover specific air contaminates. ADV light weight and lack of physical stress DIS-ADV cannot be used in 02 deficient environments |
| SCBA | highest level of protection against airborne contaminates. |
| pos press supplied air respirator | supplied with air by external source and connected by hose no longer than 300', not for use with CBRNE, impairs mobility, works for longer periods |
| 2 types of decon | physical and chemical |
| Physical decon | Manually separates the material being removed by scrubbing or washing, easier than chemical but may not remove all contaminates |
| Chemical decon | involves adding another chemical that changes physical or chemical properties of those into another chemical that facilitates its removal. |
| absorption | the process by which materials hold liquids. sands and soils can be used |
| adsorption | chemical method of decon involves interaction of a hazardous liquid and a solid sorbant surface. activated charcoal, silica. can produce heat and can spontaneously combust |
| chemical degradation | the natural breakdown of contaminates as they age. evaporation of spilled fuel |
| dilution | reduces concentration of a contaminant |
| dis-adv of dilution | must collect runoff |
| disinfecting | process to destroy the majority of pathogenic microorganisms especially on medical equip |
| True or False....A debriefing is an opportunity to gather specific information regarding positive, negative and unique aspects of the incident. | True |
| Name some key topics to bring up in debriefing. | specifics on identity of materials involved, S&S of exposure, signs of critical incident stress, duration of observation time for S&S, post incident medical contact and hazards remaing at the site. |
| When should you debrief> | As soon a reasonably possible after the incident |
| name a reason why keeping debriefing records are important. | all info is subject to evidential summons including documents, photos, videos, audio and computer files |
| when not to let evaporation occur | allowed as long as it dosent present a vapor problem |
| isolation and disposal | isolates contaminated objects by collecting them and disposing of them. |
| neutralization | changing ph of a corrosive to 7 neutralizing chemicals present their own hazards |
| solidification | chemically treats a liquid into a solid |
| sterilization | destroys all pathogenic microorganisms, normally accomplished with chemicals, steam, heat or radiation. impossible to do on scene |
| vacuuming | using hepa filter vacuum to remove solid materials such as fibers, dust, powders, and particulates from surfaces. must be appropriate for material needing removed |
| Who should you involve in a debriefing? | All participants |
| An effective debrief requires diretion, participation and solutions...True or false. | true that. |
| OSHA requires exposure records to be kept for how many years. | 30 |
| washing | involves using prepared solutions such as solvents soap and detergents to make the contaminant more water soluble. must retain runoff |
| sources or information for determining decon procedures | CHEMTREC, CANUTEC, SETIQ, MSDS, product manufacturers, national response center, poison control center. |
| Critique records prevent negligent operations..True or false | true |
| This is a log that should be kept that will show when the responder entered and exited the entry zones as well as how long they remained on site. | Hot Zone Entry Logs/ Exit Logs |
| The logs give necessary information on the type of exposure to which personnel were subjected, exposure level, length of exposure, type of PPE, type of Equipment being used, and type of DECON personell underwent. | PPE logs |
| NFPA 1991 and 1994 provide manufacturer guide lines for ... | permeation testing and certification |
| The type of CPC (chemical protective clothing) is determined by these three factors. | conditions present, cost and service life. |
| name six hazards we have PPE for | thermal, radiological, asphyxiating, chemical, etiological, mechanical |
| A simple asphyxiant (when considering oxygen_ can be classified as anything below_______ and anything above________. | 19.5 and 23% |
| A oxygen enriched atmosphere will not cause a flammable or explosive atmosphere.....True or False. | False. Enriched oxygen levels increase the chance of flammability or explosions. |
| Etiological hazards are also known as ....... | biologicals...plant animal or microbial origins as well as aerosols i.e. fungi, bacteria, molds, viruses and allergens. |
| sharp edges, fragmented equipment and the chance to get struck by equipment is also known as | mechanical hazards. |
| Blast pressure creates both positive and neutral pressures....true or false. | False. it creates. positive and negative pressure. |
| These are the two Pre-Entry Activities counducted at a HazMat incident | 1. Intial safety briefing - select safety officer, map hot zones, escape routes, etc. 2. Prior to entry - brief back up teams the same info and what the entry team has for an objective. |
| A HazMat Tech should do this if the incident is potentially criminal. | Preserve & collect legal evidence. |
| 2 types of safety hazards in confined spaces. | 1. Atmospheric Hazards - (Flammable, O2 enriched, O2 deficient, & toxic) 2. Physical Hazards - (Engulfment, Falls & Slips, Electrical, Structural, & Mechanical) |
| This is the physical process of absorgin or "picking up" a liquid hazardous material to prevent enlargement of the contaminated area | Absorption |
| This is the chemical process in which a sorbate (liquid hazardous material) interacts with a solid sorbent surface. (Example: activated charcoal) | Adsorption (Can be accompanied by heat and may result in spontaneous ignition) |
| This is essentially the same as vapor suppression because is uses an aqueous foam to cover the survace of the spill. Deals primarialy with liquids | Blanketing |
| This can be done with tarps, plastic sheeting, and salvage covers. Although the material used must be compatible with the hazardous material | Covering |
| Physical method of confinement by which barriers are constructed to prevent or reduce the quantity of liquid flowing into the environment | Damming |
| Physical method of confinement by which barriers are constructed on the ground used to control the movement of liqueds, sludges, solids, or other materials | Diking |
| Chemical method by which a water-soluble solution, usually a corrosive, is diluted by adding large volumes of water to the spill. Make sure substance is not water reactive | Dilution |
| Chemical method of confinement by which certain chemical and biological agents are used to disperse or break up the material involved in liquid spills on water. | Dispersion |
| Physical method of confinement by which barriers are constructed on ground or placed in a waterway to intentionally control the movement of a hazardous material into an area where it will pose less harm to the community and environment. | Diversion |
| This is when you apply a second material to the original spill that will chemically react with it to form a less harmful substance. | Neutralization |
| Physical method of containment by which a leaking drum, container, or cylinder is placed inside a larger undamaged overpack container. | Overpacking |
| Physical method of containment that uses chemically compatible patches by placing a material or device over a breach to keep the hazmat inside of the container. | Patching |
| Physical method of containment that involves putting something into a breach or opening to reduce both the size of the hole and the amount of product flow. | Plugging |
| Physical or chemical method of containment by which the internal pressure of a closed container is reduced. | Pressure isolation and reduction |
| What are the 6 types of pressure isolation and reduction? | 1. Flaring - controlled burning 2. Venting 3. Vent & Burn - Placing shaped explosive charges on a container to creat a hole 4. Isolation of valves - tightening valves 5. Pumps - shutting down pumping system 6. Engergy Sources - hitting emergency shut |
| Physical method of containment by which a liquid is temporarily contained in an area where it can be absorbed, neautrailized, or picked up for proper disposal | Renention |
| Chemical method of containment whereby a liquid substance is chemically treated so that a solid material results. | Solidification |
| The movement of the contents of a damaged or overloaded cargo tank into a receiving tank. | Transfer |
| The 4 types of transfer methods. | 1. Vacuum Pumps 2. PTO Pumps - Only on MC306 & MC307 3. Air-driven portable pumps - using air to push the product out 4. Pressure transfer - using the product's on vapor pressure |
| Physical method of confinement to reduce or eliminate the vapors emanatingn from a spilled or released material | Vapor Control |
| 6 Types of Incident Command duties at a HazMat incident. | 1. HazMat Branch Director 2. Assistant Safety Officer 3. Site Access Control Leader 4. Decontamination Leader 5. Technical Specialists 6. Safe Refuge Area Manager. |
| Offensive Mode | Commits resources to AGGRESSIVE leak, spill, and fire control objectives. Designed to quickly mitigate or control the problem. This mode increases risk to responders. |
| Defensive Mode | Commits resources to less aggressive objectives. A defensive strategy is achieved using specific defensive tactics such as diking or diverting. Defensive may require "conceding" certain areas while directing response efforts toward limiting the overall si |
| Nonintervention Mode | Nonintervention means "taking no action" other than isolating the incident. |
| identify the event sequence | S-Stress B-Breach R-Release Event E-Engulf C-Contact/Impingement Even H-Harm |
| Stress | Defined as an applied force or system of forces that tend to either strain or deform a container. (External Action) or trigger a change in the condition of the contents. (internal action) 3 Types of stress are: -Thermal -Mechanical -Chemical |
| Breach | When a container is stressed beyond its limits of recovery. (it will open up or breach) Types of breach are: -Disintegration (A total loss/explosion) -Runaway Cracking -Failure of Container attachments -Container Punctures -Container splits or Tears |
| Release Event | Once a container is breached, the hazardous material is free to escape in the form of energy, matter, or a combination of both. The rate of release is critical since it will directly determine your ability to control it. |
| 4 Types of Release | -Detonation <.01 -Violent Rupture <.01-1 second. -Rapid Relief (several seconds to minutes) -Spills or Leaks (Minutes to hours) |
| Engulfing Event | Once a hazardous material is released, it is free to travel or disperse, subsequently engulfing an area. The farther the contents move outward from their source, the greater the level of problems. |
| Contact (Impingement) Event | As the hazardous material and/or its container engulfs an area, they will impinge or come into contact with exposures. Exposures include people, property, and systems. They could impinge other hazardous materials which could produce additional problems. |
| Harm Event | BEFORE responders can favorably influence the outcome of a hazmat incident, they must first understand what harm is likely to occur within the engulfed area if they do not intervene. Harm simply refers to the EFFECTS of exposure to the hazardous material |
| 6 Types of Harm Events | -Thermal -Toxicity -Radiation -Asphyxiation -Corrosivity -Etiological |
| Plan of Action | After selecting the response option for a hazardous material incident, a plan of action including safety and health considerations should be developed. This plan of action describes the RESPONSE OBJECTIVES, and OPTIONS, and the PERSONNEL, and EQUIPMENT re |
| Incident Action Plan (IAP) | Provides PERMANENT RECORD of the decisions made at the incident. IAP is based on the organization's Standard Operating Procedures (SOP's) IAP should also include site safety, health considerations, designating a safety officer, emergency medical care proc |
| Components for Typical Plan of action. (A plan of action typically protects responders and the public from the potential hazards at an incident. | (Sally Entered Our Own House Causing Drama) -Site Description -Entry Objectives -On-Scene organization and Coordination -On-Scene control -Hazard Evaluation -Personal Protective Equipment -On-Scene work assignments -Communication procedures -Deco |
| Designation of a Safety Officer- Safety briefing should be conducted by a safety officer and cover the following: | 1)Emergency Medical Care Procedures 2)Environmental Monitoring 3)Emergency Procedures 4)Personnel Monitoring |
| Site Safety and Control Plans: | -Analysis of hazards and risks -Site map or sketch -control zones -buddy system -Communications -Command Post Locations -SOP's and safe work practices -medical assistance and triage |
Created by:
goodfellow
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