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Stack #84747
Most Common... - USMLE Step 1 - First Aid
| Most Common... | (Answer) |
|---|---|
| Bacteremia/pneumonia (IVDA) | S. aureus |
| Bacteria associated with cancer | H. pylori |
| Bacteria found in GI tract | Bacteroides (2nd MC = E. coli) |
| Brain tumor (adults) | Mets > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma |
| Brain tumor (kids) | Medulloblastoma (cerebellum) |
| Brain tumor - supratentorial (kids) | Craniopharyngioma |
| Breast cancer | Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the U.S., 1 in 9 ♀will develop breast cancer) |
| Breast mass | Fibrocystic change (in postmenopausal ♀, carcinoma is the MC) |
| Breast tumor (benign) | Fibroadenoma |
| Bug in debilitated, hospitalized pneumonia pt | Klebsiella |
| Cardiac 1° tumor (adults) | Myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; "ball and valve") |
| Cardiac 1° tumor (kids) | Rhabdomyoma |
| Cardiac tumor (adults) | Mets |
| Cardiomyopathy | Dilated cardiomyopathy |
| Chromosomal disorder | Down syndrome (associated with ALL, Alzheimer's, and endocardial cushion defects) |
| Chronic arrhythmia | Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli) |
| Congenital cardiac anomaly | VSD |
| Constrictive pericarditis | Tuberculosis |
| Coronary a. involved in thrombosis | LAD > RCA > LCA |
| Cyanosis (early; less common) | Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus |
| Cyanosis (late; more common) | VSD, ASD, PDA (close with indomethacin; open with misoprostol) |
| Demyelinating disease | Multiple sclerosis |
| Dietary deficit | Iron |
| Epiglottitis | Haemophilus influenzae type B |
| Esophageal cancer | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| Gene involved in cancer | p53 tumor suppressor gene |
| Group affected by cystic fibrosis | Caucasians (fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies, mucous plugs/lung infections) |
| Gynecologic malignancy | Endometrial carcinoma |
| Heart murmur | Mitral valve prolapse |
| Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis | Mitral |
| Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis in IVDA | Tricuspid |
| Heart valve (rheumatic fever) | Mitral valve (2nd MC = aortic) |
| Helminth infections (U.S.) | Enterobius vermicularis (2nd MC = Ascaris lumbricoides) |
| Hereditary bleeding disorder | von Willebrand's |
| Kidney stones | Calcium = radiopaque (2nd MC = ammonium = radiopaque; formed by urease⊕ organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus) |
| Liver disease | Alcoholic liver disease |
| Location of brain tumors (adults) | Supratentorial |
| Location of brain tumors (kids) | Infratentorial |
| Lysosomal storage disease | Gaucher's disease |
| Male cancer | Prostatic carcinoma |
| Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever | Hodgkin's disease |
| Malignant skin tumor | Basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes) |
| Mets to bone | Breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney |
| Mets to brain | Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (renal cell carcinoma), GI |
| Mets to liver | Colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast, and lung carcinomas |
| Motor neuron disease | ALS |
| Neoplasm (kids) | ALL (2nd MC = cerebellar medulloblastoma) |
| Nephrotic syndrome | Membranous glomerulonephritis |
| Obstruction of ♂ urinary tract | BPH |
| Opportunistic infections in AIDS | Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia |
| Organ receiving mets | Adrenal glands (due to rich blood supply) |
| Organ sending mets | Lung > breast, stomach |
| Ovarian tumor (benign) | Serous cystadenoma |
| Ovarian tumor (malignant) | Serous cystadenocarcinoma |
| Pancreatic tumor | Adenocarcinoma (head of pancreas) |
| Pt with ALL/CLL/AML/CML | ALL—child, CLL&AML—adult>60, CML—adult 35-50 |
| Pt with Hodgkin's | Young ♂ (except nodular sclerosis type - ♀) |
| Pt with minimal change disease | Young child |
| Pt with Reiter's | ♂ |
| Pituitary tumor | Prolactinoma (2nd MC = somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma) |
| Preventable cancer | Lung cancer |
| 1° bone tumors (adults) | Multiple myeloma |
| 1° hyperparathyroidism | Adenomas (2nd MC = hyperplasia; 3rd MC = carcinoma) |
| 1° liver tumor | Hepatoma |
| Renal tumor | Renal cell carcinoma - associated with von Hippel-Lindau and acquired polycystic kidney disease; paraneoplastic syndromes (erythropoietin, renin, PTH, ACTH) |
| 2° hyperparathyroidism | Hypocalcemia of chronic renal failure |
| STD | Chlamydia |
| Site of diverticula | Sigmoid colon |
| Site of metastasis | Regional lymph nodes |
| Site of metastasis (2nd MC) | Liver |
| Sites of atherosclerosis | Abdominal aorta > coronary a. > popliteal a. > carotid a. |
| Skin cancer | Basal cell carcinoma |
| Stomach cancer | Adenocarcinoma |
| Testicular tumor | Seminoma |
| Thyroid cancer | Papillary carcinoma |
| Tracheoesophageal fistula | Lower esophagus joins trachea/upper esophagus-blind pouch |
| Tumor in ♂ | Prostate carcinoma |
| Tumor in ♀ | Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent) |
| Tumor of infancy | Hemangioma |
| Tumor of adrenal medulla (adults) | Pheochromocytoma (benign) |
| Tumor of adrenal medulla (kids) | Neuroblastoma (malignant) |
| Type of Hodgkin's | Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion) |
| Type of non-Hodgkin's | Follicular, small cleaved |
| Type of pituitary adenoma | Prolactinoma |
| Vasculitis | Temporal arteritis (risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of opthalmic a.) |
| Viral encephalitis | HSV |
| Vitamin deficiency (U.S.) | Folic acid (pregnant ♀ are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply) |
Created by:
CopaceticMedic
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