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BIO201-CH14-A.N.SYS
BIO201 - Ch 14 - Autonomic Nervous System - Marieb/Hoehn - Rio Salado - AZ
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) | System of motor neurons that innervates smooth & cardiac muscles & glands. |
| Sample of activities conducted by ANS | Shunts blood to "needy" areas, slows or speeds heart rate, adjusts blood pressure & body temp, increases/decreases stomach secretions. |
| Major difference between somatic & autonomic NS. | (1) Their effectors, (2) efferent pathways, & (3) target organ responses to their neurotransmitters. |
| Somatic NS stimulates __ muscles, where the ANS innervates __ muscles. | Skeletal, Cardiac/smooth/glands |
| Parasympathetic Nerves | Of the ANS - tends to slow body down & divert energy to basic tasks - works in opposition to sympathetic. |
| Sympathetic Nerve | OF ANS - nerves that increase overall body activities when heightened - excitement/danger, "fight-or-flight". |
| Meninges | Membranes of CT layered between skull & brain - cover & protect CNS neurons & blood vessels. |
| In somatic NS, motor neuron cellbodies are in __ & axons extend in __ nerves. | CNS, Spinal or cranial nerves |
| Somatic motor fibers are typically __. | Thick, group A - conduct impulses rapidly. |
| ANS uses a __ to its effectors. | 2 neuron chain |
| In ANS, the cell body of 1st neuron is the __. | Preganglionic neuron |
| The preganglionic neuron resides __. | In the brain or spinal cord |
| The axon of the first neuron is the __. | Preganglionic axon |
| The preganglionic axon synapses with __. | The 2nd motor neuron, or ganglionic neuron. |
| The axon of the 2nd motor neuron is __. | The ganglionic axon |
| The ganglionic axon extends to __. | The effector organ |
| Preganglionic axons are lightly __ & post-ganglionic axons are __. | Myelinated (thin), unmyelinated (even thinner). |
| Conduction through autonomic efferent chain is __ than somatic motor system. | Slower |
| For most of their course, many pre- & post-ganglionic fibers are incorporated into __. | Spinal & cranial nerves |
| Autonomic ganglia are __ & contain cell bodies of __. | Motor ganglia, motor neurons |
| The somatic motor division __ ganglia. | Lacks |
| The dorsal root ganglia are part of the __. | Sensory (not motor) division of the PNS. |
| All somatic motor neurons release __ @ synapses. | Acetylcholine (ACh) |
| The effect of somatic motor neurons is always __. | Excitatory - to cause contraction. |
| Postganglionic autonomic fibers release __ & __. | Norepinephrine (NE) & acetylcholine (ACh). |
| In ANS, norepinephrine (NE) is secreted by __. | Most sympathetic fibers. |
| In ANS, ACh is released by __. | Parasympathetic fibers. |
| Somatic & autonomic motor activities regulated by __. | Higer brain centers. |
| Nearly all spinal & many cranial nerves contain __. | Both somatic & autonomic fibers. |
| Two divisions of ANS are? | Parasympathetic & sympathetic. |
| Though __ the 2 ANS divisions counterbalance each other's activities. | Dual innervation |
| The parasympathetic division is sometimes called __. | The resting & digesting system - keeps body energy use low - housekeeping. |
| Good visual to remember parasympathetic division. | Person relaxing after a meal & reading newspaper - blood pressure/heart rate low, digesting meal & pupils constricted to read. |
| Sympathetic division often referred to as __. | "Flight-or-fight" system - excited, threatened. |
| Changes in brain wave patterns & galvanic skin resistance due to __ when lying. | Sympathetic |
| Parasympathetic fibers emerge from __. | The brain & sacral spinal cord (craniosacral) |
| Sympathetic fibers originate in the __. | Thoracolumbar region of spinal cord. |
| Parasympathetic division has __ preganglionic & __ postganglionic fibers. | Long, short |
| Sympathetic division has __ preganglionic & __ post ganglionic fibers. | Short, long |
| Most parasympathetic ganglia are located __. | In the visceral effector organs. |
| Most sympathetic ganglia lie __. | Close to the spinal cord. |
| All preganglionic fibers release __. | ACh |
| All parasympathetic postganglionic fibers release __. | Acetylcholine |
| Most sympathetic post ganglionic fibers release __. | Norepinephrine |
| Stimulated adrenal medullary cells release __ into the blood. | Norepinephrine & epinephrine |
| Which division of NAS is called the craniosacral division? | Parasympathetic |
| Terminal ganglia are located where? | Close to or within target organs. |
| Through which 4 cranial nerves do preganglionic fibers run? | Oculomotor (III), facial (VII), Glossopharyngeal (IX), & Vagus (X) |
| The cell bodies are in the __ within eye orbits. | Ciliary ganglion |
| Preganglionic fibers in facial nerve (VII) synapse where? | Pterygopalatine ganglia - near maxillae. |
| Salivary glands - parasympathetic fibers synapse where? | Mandibular ganglia |
| Partoid gland & glossopharyngeal IX - synapse where? | Otic ganglia - near ears |
| Postganglionic fibers of parasympathetic __ lie in cranial nerves. | Do not |
| The __ nerves have broadest facial distribution of all cranial nerves & useful for glands & smooth muscle stimulation of parasympathetic. | Trigeminal nerves V |
| Vagal nerve fibers account for 90% of preganglionic fibers in body & arise from __. | Medulla |
| Vagus nerves in thorax brach to which 4 plexuses? | Cardiac, pulmonary, esophageal, & aortic plexuses. |
| Sacral outflow of parasympathetic arise from? | S2-S4 form pelvicsplanchnic Nerves |
| Which division of ANS is more complex? | Sympathetic Division |
| Sympathetic division also called __. | Thoracolumbar |
| Which ANS division innervates more organs? | Sympathetic - visceral organs & structures. |
| Arrector pili, sweat glands, arteries, & veins innervated by which ANS division? | Sympathetic - smooth muscles in each. |
| Allpreganglionoic sympathetic fibers arise from cell bodies where? | In spinal cord segments T1-L2 (thoracolumbar division) |
| What produces the lateral horns? | Numerous preganglionic sympathetic neurons in the gray matter of spinal cord. |
| What are the visceral motor zones? | Lateral horns |
| Ventral horns house __ neurons. | Somatic motor neurons |
| Lateral horns are absent where? | In the sacral region of spinal cord. |
| Path of sympathetic fiber after ventral root. | Ventral root =>white ramus communicans=>sympathetic trunk (chain) ganglion |
| Sympathetic trunks flank each side of what? | The vertebral column (paravertebral ganglia) |
| There are __ ganglia in each sympathetic trunk. | 23 - 3c, 11T, 4L, 4S, 1C |
| Splanchnic nerves synapse in __ ganglia located anterior to vertebral column. | Collateral (prevertebral) - occur only in abdomen & pelvis. |
| Celiac,superior & inferior mesenteric ganglia are __. | Collateral (prevertebral) ganglia |
| The color of gray & white Rami communicantes are due to? | Myelination |
| Rami communicantes are associated only with the __ division. | Sympathetic - parasympathetic doesn't run in spinal nerves. |
| Sympathetic preganglionic fibers serving head ascend the __ to synapse with __. | Sympathetic trunk, superior cervical ganglion |
| Superior cervical ganglion sends direct branches to __. | The heart |
| Sympathetic fibers __ activity of large intestine, bladder, & reproductive organs. | Inhibit |
| A visceral reflex arc has __. | 2 Neurons in its motor component. |
| Where are cell bodies of visceral sensory neurons? | Sensory ganglia of associated cranial nerves or in dorsal root ganglia of spinal cord. |
| 3 neuron reflex arcs occur where? | In walls of gastrointestional tract |
| Why is there referred pain? | Visceral pain afferents travel same pathways as somatic pain fibers. |
| ACh-releasing fibers are called __ fibers. | Cholinergic |
| Norepinephrine (NE) - releasing fibers are called __ fibers. | Adrenergic |
| All ACh receptors are __ or __. | Nicotinic or muscarinic |
| ACh binding to nicotinic receptors is always __. | Stimulatory |
| Knowing locations of cholinergic & adrenergic receptors allows __. | Proper prescription of drugs. |
| Most glands (except adrenal & sweat) are activated by __ fibers. | Parasympathetic |
| Most blood vessels receive only __ fibers. | Sympathetic |
| The effects produced by sympathetic activation are __. | Longer lasting |
| The __ is the integrator of ANS activity. | Hypothalamus |
| Though hypothalamus is boss, the __ exerts most direct influence over autonomic functions. | Brainstem - reticular formation. |
| Raynaud's Disease | Skin of fingers & toes turn blue & apinful when cold or emotionally distressed. |
| Autonomic Dyreflexia | Uncontrolled activation of autonomic neurons - occurs in quadriplegia or spinal injury above T6 - in 1st year after injury - triggered by pain or overfilled bladder - Blood pressure increase - can stroke. |
Created by:
Ladystorm
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