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Chapter 2 Gov. Vocab
Chapter 2 Government Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Natural Rights | Rights inherent in human beings, not dependent on governments, which include life, liberty, and property. |
| constitution | A nation's basic laws. |
| Declaration of Independence | The documents approved by representatives of the American colonies in 1776 that stated their grievances against the British monarch and declared their independence. |
| Consent of the governed | According to John Locke, the required basis for government. |
| limited government | The idea that certain things are out of bounds for government because of natural rights of citizens. |
| Articles of Confederation | The first constitution of the U.S., adopted by Congress in 1777 and enacted in 1781. |
| Shay's Rebellion | A series of attacks on courthouses by a small band of farmers led by revolutionary war Captain Daniel Shays to block foreclosure proceedings. |
| U.S. Constitution | The document written in 1787 and ratified in 1788 that sets forth the institutional structure of the U.S. Government and the tasks these institutions perform. |
| factions | Interest groups arising from the unequal distributation of property or wealth that James Madison attacked in Federalist paper No. 10. |
| New Jersey Plan | The proposal at the Constitutional Convection that called for equal representation of each state in Congress regardless of the state's population. |
| Virginia Plan | The proposal at the Constitutional Convection that called for representation of each state in Congress in proportion to that state's share of the U.S. population. |
| Connecticut Compromise | The compromise reached at the Constitutional Convention that established two houses of Congress: the House of Representatives, in which representation is based on a state's share of the U.S. population. |
| writ of habeas corpus | A court order requiring jailers to explain to a judge why they are holding a prisoner in custody. |
| separation of powers | An important part of the Madisonian model that requires each of the three branches of government-executive, legislative, and judicial-to be relatively independent of the others so that one cannot control the others. |
| checks and balances | An important part of the Madisonian model designed to limit government's power by requiring that power be balanced among the different governmental institutions. |
| republic | A form of government that derives it's power, directly or indirectly from the people. |
| Federalists | Supporters of the U.S. Constitution at the time the states were contemplating its adoption. |
| Anti- Federalists | Opponents of the U.S. Constitution at the time the states were contemplating its adoption. |
| Federalist Papers | A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the name "Publius" to defend the Constitution in detail. |
| Bill of Rights | The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, drafted in response to some of the Anti-Federalist concerns. |
| Equal Rights Amendment | A constitutional amend originally introd. in 1923 and passed by Congress in 1972 and sent to the state legislatures for ratification stating that "equality of rights under the law shall not be denied ot abridged by the US or by any state on acc of sex." |
| Marbury v Madison | The 1083 case in which Chief Justice John Marshall and his associates first asserted the right of the Supreme Court to determine the meaning of the U.S. Constitution. |
| judicial review | The power of the courts to determine whether acts of Congress, and by implications the executive, are in accord with the U.S. Constitution. |
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