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phlebotomy
nha exam review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| endocardium | endothelial layer-inner |
| myocardium | muscle-middle |
| epicardium | fibrous-outer-coronary arteries are found here |
| carrys o2 blood | aorta, arteries, arterioles |
| carrys deox blood back to heart | veunules, veins, sup and inf vena cava |
| capillaries | composed of only a layer of endothelial cells, connects arterioles and venules. |
| capillary blood mix | arterial and venous |
| avg adult blood | 5-6 liters |
| plasma | 55% |
| plasma contains.... | proteins, amino acids, gases, electrolytes, sugars, hormones, minerals, vitamins, h20 and urea (waste) |
| % of formed elements of blood | 45% |
| where do blood cells originate | stem cells in bone marrow |
| contain hemoglobin | erythrocytes |
| How many RBC? | 4.2 - 6.2 million |
| life span of rbc | 120 days |
| how many WBC? | 5,000 - 10,000 |
| leukocytosis | increase in WBC's~infection and leukemia |
| leukopenia | decrease in wbc~viral infection or chemo |
| first wbc on scene | neutrophils |
| most numerous wbc | neutrophil |
| neutrophils~phagocytic | engulf or digest bacteria~increase in bacterial |
| 2d most numerous wbc | lymphocyte~viral~immunity |
| largest wbc | monocyte |
| monocyte % | 3-8% |
| monocytes that pass into tissue | macrophage to powerfull phagocytes |
| monocytes | # increases in intracellular infectionc and TB |
| eosinophils % | 1-3% |
| eosinophils | active against anti-body foreign molecules |
| eosinophils increased in.... | allergies, skin and parasitic infections |
| basophil % | 0-1% |
| basophils carry... | histamine |
| thrombocytes are aka... | platelets |
| avg # of platelets | 140,000 to 440,000 |
| platelets life span | 9-12 days |
| what are platelets essential for? | blood coagulation |
| hemostasis | blood vessels are repaired after injury |
| 4 stages of hemostasis | vascular~platelet~coagulation~fibrinolysis |
| only vein palpated in obese pt? | cephalic~2d choice vein~moves |
| basilic | last choice of vein~near the brachial artery |
| tortous vein | winding or crooked veins |
| vacutainer needle size | 1" to 1.5" |
| butterfly gauge and length | 23~1/2 to 3/4" |
| syringe ML | 10 - 20 |
| Hematoma | blood accumulates in the tissue around the vein |
| hemoconcentration | increased proportion of formed elements to plasma caused by the tourniquete left on to long. |
| phlebitis | inflammation of the vein |
| petechiae | tiny non raised red spots that appear on the skin from rupturing capillaries (tourniquete left on to long) |
| thrombus | blood clot~insufficient pressure after needle is removed |
| thrombophlebitis | inflammation of a vein with formation of a clot |
| septicemia | systemic infection~presence of pathogenic organism during venipuncture |
| trauma | injury to underlying tissue caused by probing the needle |
| edema | accumulation of fluid in tissues |
| fistula | permanent surgical connection between an artery and a vein. (never use for venipuncture) |
| timed specimen | used to monitor the level of a substance or condition in a pt |
| two-hour postprandial test | used for DM |
| Oral glucose tolerance test | used to diagnose DM |
| OGTT hours... | 0700 - 0900 |
| trough | lowest blood level |
| Blood cultures | used to detect m/o in pt's blood |
| adult lancet range | 3.0 |
| infant lancet range | 0.85 (do not exceed 2.0) |
| capillary order of draw | lavender~tubes w/other additives, tubes with no additives |
| most common specimen analyzed? | whole blood |
| liver profile | ALP, AST, ALT, GGT, and Bilubrin |
| coronary risk profile | cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL |
| culture and sensitivity test (C&S) | detect and identify m/o and determine the most effective antibiotic |
| medical asepsis | destruction of pathogenic m/o after they leave the body |
Created by:
bg1282
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