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Tissues and Membrane
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A group of cells with similar structure and function? | Tissue |
| What are the four major groups of tissue? | Epithelial, connective, muscle,nerve. |
| Epithelial tissue coverings are for the? | Outer surface |
| Epithelial tissue linings are for the? | Inner surface |
| Epithelial tissues receive oxygen and nutrients from? | Blood and connective tissue beneath them. |
| Why does epithelial tissue rely on the connective tissue beneath it for nutrients? | Because they have no capillaries. |
| What are the three distinctive shapes of epithelial tissue? | Squamous, cuboidal, columnar. |
| The term for a single layer of cells is? | Simple |
| The term when there are many layers of cells present? | Stratified |
| A thin, smooth, flat, single layer of cells is called? | Simple squamous epithelium |
| Two examples of simple squamous epithelium are? | Alveoli (air sacs, capillaries. |
| Many layers of mostly flat cells is called? | Stratified squamous epithelium |
| Continually producing new cells to replace those worn off the surface is called? | Mitosis |
| The epidermis is a barrier to what? | Pathogens |
| When surface cells change from rounded to flat? | Transitional epithelial tissue |
| What is the location and function of the transitional epithelial tissue? | Lining of the urinary bladder. Permits expansion without tearing the lining. |
| One layer of cube shaped cells? | Cuboidal epithelial tissue |
| What is the location and function of the cuboidal epithelial tissue? | Thyroid gland, salivary gland, kidney tubules. |
| One layer of column shaped cells? | Columnar epithelial tissue |
| What is the location and function of the columnar epithelial tissue? | lining of stomach, lining of the small intestine. |
| One layer of columnar cells with cilia on their free surfaces? | Ciliated epithelial tissue |
| What is the location and function of the ciliated epithelial tissue? | lining of trachea,lining of fallopian tube. |
| Unicellular means? | One cell |
| An example of unicellular is? | Goblett cells |
| Which of the multicellular glands have ducts? | Exocrine glands |
| Which of the multicellular glands do not have ducts or are ductless? | Endocrine glands |
| Which organ has both endocrine and exocrine glands? | Pancreas |
| What is the structural network or solution of non-living intercellular material? | Matrix |
| What is the matrix of blood? | Plasma |
| What is the location of blood plasma? | Within blood vessels |
| What is the function of plasma? | To transport materials |
| What is the matrix of Areolar connective tissue? | Tissue, fluid, collagen, and elastin fibers. |
| Where is the Areolar located? | Subcutaneous tissue |
| Mucous membranes of areolar are found in what systems? | Digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive tracts. |
| Does adipose tissue have a matrix? | little |
| What is the structure of adipose tissue? | Adipocytes that store fat |
| most of the fat from adipocytes is found where? | Under the skin |
| The fat from adipocytes is also found around the what? For protection. | Kidneys and eyes |
| The matrix of fibrous connective tissue is? | Mostly collagen fibers with few fibroblasts |
| Fibrous is found in the? | Tendons and ligaments |
| The matrix of elastic connective tissue is? | Elastin fibers with few fibroblasts |
| Elastic connective tissue is found? | On the walls of large arteries |
| What allows large arteries to stretch and recoil? | Elastin |
| Osteocytes in a matrix of calcium salts and collagen are the structure of what? | Bone |
| Name some functions of Bone? | Support the body, protect internal organs, store excess calcium, contain and protect red bone marrow. |
| Chondrocytes in a flexible protein matrix are the structure of what? | Cartilage |
| Cartilage is smooth to prevent what? | Friction |
| Cartilage is found between vertebrae for what purpose? | To absorb shock |
| Chondrocytes are found on the wall of what? This will keep the airway open. | Trachea |
| What are the three types of muscle tissue? | Skeletal, smooth, cardiac |
| Large cylindrical cells with striations and several nuclei is the structure of which muscle tissue? | Skeletal |
| What is the structure of smooth muscle tissue? | Small tapered cells with no striations and one nucleus each. |
| When the cells are branched with faint striations which muscle tissue are these? | Cardiac |
| Skeletal muscles move the skeleton and produce what? | Heat |
| Smooth muscle tissue maintains what? | Blood pressure |
| The function of cardiac muscle is to? | Pump blood |
| Effects of the skeletal muscle tissue on nerve impulses are? | Voluntary |
| Effects of the smooth muscle tissue on nerve impulses are? | Involuntary |
| Nerve tissue consists of nerve cells called? | Neurons |
| What two organs are found in the Central Nervous System (CNS)? | Brain and Spinal Cord |
| What are the Brain and spinal cord made of? | Specialized cells called neuroglia |
| The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of all of the nerves that emerge from the? | CNS and supply the rest of the body |
| The nerves from the PNS are made of neurons and specialized cells called? | Schwann cells |
| Schwannn cells form the what? | Myelin sheath |
| Neurons are capable of generating and transmitting what? | Electrochemical impulses |
| What are processes that carry impulses toward the cell body? | Dendrites |
| What is the process where the impulse is carried away from the cell body? | Axon |
| What contains the nucleus and is essential for the continuing life of the neuron? | Cell body |
| The space between axon of one neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the next neuron? | Synapse |
| What are the chemicals released by axons? | Neurotransmitters |
| Sheets of tissue that cover or line surfaces or separate organs are called what? | Membranes |
| What are the two major categories of membranes? | Epithelial and connective |
| There are two types of epithelial membranes these are? | Serous and mucous |
| These membranes line some closed body cavities and cover the organs in these cavities what are they? | Serous membranes |
| The membranes that line the body tracts (systems) that have openings to the environment are called what? | Mucous membranes |
| What systems do the Mucous membranes line? | Respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive. |
| What is another name for mucous membrane? | Mucosa |
| The mucosa of what two areas of the body is stratified squamous epithelium? | Esophagus and vagina |
| The mucosa of the trachea is what type? | Ciliated epithelium |
| Columnar epithelium can be found in what part of the body? | The stomach |
| What covers and lines the spinal cord and brain? | Meninges |
| Between the skin and muscles what type of membrane can be found? | Superficial fascia |
| Periosteum membrane covers what? | Each bone |
| Perichondrium contains capillaries which are the only what for cartilage? | Blood supply |
| Secretes synovial fluid to prevent friction when joints move. | Synovial membrane |
| What covers each skeletal muscle? | Deep fascia |
| Meninges contain what type of fluid? | Cerebrospinal fluid |
| What forms a sac around the heart? | Fibrous pericardium |
| What membrane lines the thoracic cavity? | Parietal pleura |
| What membrane covers the lungs | Visceral pleura |
| The membrane that lines the fibrous pericardium? | Parietal pericardium |
| What is the membrane the covers the heart? | Visceral pericardium |
| What membrane lines the abdominal cavity? | Peritoneum |
| The mesentery membrane covers the what? | Abdominal organs |
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