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S. Anat3
Cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Smallest iving subunit o a multicellular organism | Cell |
| Selectively permeable | Cell/plasma membrane |
| Made of phospholipids, cholesterol, and protein | Cell/plasma membrane |
| Phospholipid bilayer | double layer |
| Allows lipid soluble compounds to move in and out by difussion | Phospholipid bilayer |
| Decreases fluidity stabilizing the membrane | Cholesterol |
| Receptor sites for hormones or other compounds | Proteins |
| All cells mature except | RBC |
| Nucleus have _____layered nuclear membrane | Double |
| Nucleus contains | chromosomes |
| Nucleus contains ___chromosomes | 46 |
| Nucleus made of threads of | chromatin |
| Nucleus contains | The genetic code for one protien |
| LIquid solution of dissolved minerals, gases and other molecules | Cytoplasm |
| "Organs" of the cell | Organells |
| Found on ER or floating in cytoplasm | Ribosomes |
| Synthesizes protein | Ribosomes |
| Barrel shaped organelles made of enzymes that cut protein molecules apart | Proteasomes |
| Gets rid of damaged proteins that have been tagged by ubiquitin | Proteasomes |
| ER | Endoplasmic Riticulum |
| Allows us to use the AAs to build protien in ribosomes | Proteasomes |
| Membranous tubules that extent from nuclear membrane to the cell membrane | Endoplasmic Ritiulum |
| ER (2types) | Rough Smooth |
| Ribosomes on the surface | Rough ER |
| synthesizes proteins in the ribosomes | Rough ER |
| No ribosomes on the surface | Smooth ER |
| Sythesizes lipids | Smooth ER |
| Fat membranous sacs stacked like pancakes | Golgi Apparatus |
| sythesizes and package carbohydrates | Golgi Apparatus |
| Golgi Apparatus synthezises and packages____ | Carbohydrates |
| Mitochondria (sing. | Mitochdrian |
| Power house of the cell | Mitochondria |
| Has double membrane folds called cristae | Mitochondria |
| ATP production | Mitochondria |
| Mitochondria have their own separate____ | DNA |
| Mitochondria _____ during cell division | Duplicates |
| Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes called | Lysozymes |
| Lysosomes digest bacteria during ____ or WBC | phagocytosis |
| Phagocyte | A cell that engulfs and consumes foreign material |
| Rod shaped | Centrioles |
| Organize spindle fibers that separate chromosomes during cell division | Centrioles |
| Centriols organized spindle fibers that separate chromosomes during ____ | cell division |
| Hair like projections on certain cells | Cilia |
| Cilia (sing) | Cilium |
| Beat in unison causeing wave-like motion to move things acros the surface DOES NOT MOVE CELL | Cilia |
| Found on fallopian tubes, airways in lungs | Cilia |
| Flagella (sing) | flagellum |
| Thread like projection through the cell membrance | Flagella |
| Provides motility | Flagella |
| Flagella provides_____ | motility |
| ______ is the only human cell with flagellum | Sperm |
| Folds in the cell membrane that increase surface area to increase funtion | Microvilli |
| Microvilli are fold in the _____ that increase ____ are and increase_____. | Cell membrane, surface, function |
| Increase absorption in small intestines and kidney tubules | Microvilli |
| Pinched off plasma membranes during phagocytosis and pinocytosis | Vacules |
| Pinocytosis | the uptake of fluid by a cell by pinching off cell membrane |
| Mechanisms to move substances in and out of the cell | Cellular transport mechanism |
| Forms of cellular transport (7) | Diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, phagocytosis, pinocytosis |
| Diffusion | movement of molecules from greater area of cencentration ot an area of lower concentration until equalibrium is reached |
| Diffusion is from an area of _____ concentration to an area of ____ till ____ is reached | Greater, lower, equalibrium |
| Molecules randomly move until evenly dispersed in solid, liquid or gas | Diffusion |
| Diffusion of water through semi permiable membrane | Osmosis |
| Water moves from area of high concentration to are of low concentration till equalibrium is reached | Osmosis |
| Equal concentration of solutes | Isotonic |
| Low concentration of solutes | Hypotonic |
| High concentraiton of solutes | Hypertonic |
| Osmosi occurs becuse membrane will not allow anything but _____ to cross | Water |
| Facilitated diffusion | molecules through a membrane with help from protein in the cell membrane called transporters or carrier enzymes |
| Facilitated diffusion ex | Glucose, AA |
| energy requiring process of moving molecules against a concentration gradiend ( lesser to greater) | Active transport |
| Active transport requires | Filtration |
| Substances are forced through membane by mechanical pressure | Filtration |
| During filtrations substances are forced through membane by mechanical ______ | pressure |
| bring nutrients ro cells and waste products out of the blood and kidneys | Filtration |
| White cells engulf something | Phagocytosis |
| Makes vacuoles | Phagocytosis |
| Stationary cells engulf something | Pinocytosis |
| Double strand of nucleotides | DNA |
| Made of A T G C | DNA |
| Sequence or ATGC determines | genetic code |
| gene | the genetic code for one protein |
| ______synthesis occurs in the ribosomes | Protein |
| Transcription | DNA to mRNA |
| A mirror image of the DNA made in nucleus | Messenger RNA mRNA |
| Leaves the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome | mRNA |
| Translation | mRNA to protein via tRNA |
| Attaches to mRNA at a site called anti codon | Transfer RNA tRNA |
| tRNA attaches to mRNA at a site called ______ | Anti codon |
| Occurs in cytoplasm | Translation |
| tRNA pick up corresponding _____ and form peptide to make protein | Amino acid |
| DNA- _RNA- _RNA-____ | m, t, protein |
| Cell division (2types) | Meiosis Mitosis |
| One cell divided into 2, identicle cells both having full set of chromosomes | Mitosis |
| How we grow and repair | Mitosis |
| One cell into 4, each having half of the chromosomes | Meiosis |
| How we reproduce | Meiosis |
| Stages of Mitosis (5) | Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase -Cytokinesis |
| Not a phase | Cytokinesis |
| Resting stage | Cytokinesis |
| 2 chromatid coil up | Prophase |
| Nuclear membranes disapear | Prophase |
| Contrioles move to oposite ends, and extend spindle fibers to the chromosomes | Prophase |
| Chromosomes ;one up in the middle | Metaphase |
| Centromeres atach to the spindle fibers and divide | Metaphase |
| 2 complete sets of chromosomes | Metaphase |
| Spindle fibers pull chromosomes to each pole | Anaphase |
| Chromosomes uncoil and become chromatin | Telephase |
| Nuclear membrane reforms | Telephase |
| Cytoplasm divides and cell membrane closes off | Telephase |
| Results in gametes | Meiosis |
| one cell divides twice to form 4 | Meiosis |
| one cell divides twice (full set of 46 chromosomes) | Mitosis |
| Haploids have _____ the DNA | half |
| The organells in which cell respiration takes place | Mitochondria |
| Intracellular structures with specific roles in cell functioning | Organelles |
| egg and sperm cells | gametes |
| MOvement of molecules against concentration gradient | Active transport |
| the usual number of chromosomes with it a cell | diploid/ 46 |
| a membrane that permits onle certain substances to pass through | semi permiable |
| control center of the cell | nucleus |
| the process by which a stationary cell takes in small particles | pinocytosis |
| half of the usual number of chromosomes | haploid/ 23 |
| diffusion of water through a membrane | osmosis |
| found between the cell membrane and the nucleus | cytoplasm |
| mode of phopholipids, cholesterol, and proteins | cell membrane |
| a statement that best explains the available evidence | theory |
| type of cell division essentioal fro repair of tissue | mitosis |
| the process in which blood bpressure creates tissue fluid | filtration |
| a human cell has 46 of these | chromosomes |
| genetic code fro one protein | gene |
| movement of molecules with or along a concentratin gradient | diffusion |
| oxygen requiring | aerobic |
Created by:
Sarsileigh
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