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anatomy term.
Anatomical terminology (regional areas, position and direction, planes, cavity)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Axial region | consists of the head, neck, and trunk. |
| Appendicular region | consists of the limbs (or extremities/appendages) |
| superior | toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above |
| inferior | away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below |
| anterior | toward or at the front of the body; in front of |
| posterior | toward or at the back of the body; behind |
| medial | toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of |
| lateral | away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of |
| cranial (cephalad) | toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above |
| caudal | away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below |
| ventral | toward or at the front of the body; in front of (pertaining to cat) |
| dorsal | toward or at the back of the body; behind (pertaining to cat) |
| superficial | toward or at the body surface |
| deep | away from the body surface; more internal |
| proximal | closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk |
| distal | farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb tot he body trunk |
| sagittal section/plane | gives right and left sections |
| midsagittal sec./plane | gives equal right and left sections |
| parasagittal sec./plane | gives unequal right and left sections |
| frontal (coronal) section/plane | gives anterior/posterior or front/back sections |
| transverse (cross) section/plane | gives superior/inferior sections |
| dorsal (posterior) cavity | pertaining to the back (includes cranial and vertebral cavities) |
| cranial cavity | lies in the skull and encases the brain |
| vertebral cavity | runs through the vertebral column and encases the spinal cord |
| ventral (anterior) cavity | the anterior and larger of the closed body cavities (contains the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity) |
| thoracic cavity | contains the heart and lungs, and is surrounded by the ribs and muscles of the chest wall. Superior to the diaphragm. (contains the pleural cavity, the mediastinum, and pericardial cavity) |
| pleural cavity | two lateral parts, each containing a lung (in the thoracic cavity) |
| mediastinum (space) | a central band of organs in the thoracic cavity. it contains the heart in the pericardial cavity. |
| pericardial cavity | surrounds the heart in the thoracic cavity. (inferior portion of the mediastinum) |
| abdominopelvic cavity | contains the abdominal and pelvic cavities |
| abdominal cavity | the superior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity, which contains the liver, stomach, kidneys, and other organs. |
| pelvic cavity | the inferior part of the abdominopelvic cavity, which contains the bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum |
| mucosae | a general term fro membranes lining body cavities open to the outside |
| serosae | a general term for membranes of closed body cavities |
| pleura | serosae in the thoracic cavity |
| peritoneum | serosae in the abdominopelvic cavity |
| parietal | a serosa on the wall of the cavity |
| visceral | a serosa covering an organ |
| parietal pleura | serosae on the wall of the thoracic cavity |
| visceral pleura | serosae covering an organ in the thoracic cavity |
| parietal peritoneum | serosae on the wall of the abdominopelvic cavity |
| visceral peritoneum | serosae covering an organ in the abdominopelvic cavity |
| flexion | decrease the angle between two bones |
| extension | increase the angle between two bones |
| abduction | movement away from the midline |
| adduction | movement toward the midline |
| elevation | lifting a body part superiorly |
| depression | moving a body part inferiorly |
| protraction | moving a body part anteriorly |
| retraction | moving a body part posteriorly |
| rotation | turning a bone along its axis |
| medial rotation | turning a bone along its axis toward the midline |
| lateral rotation | turning a bone along its axis away from the midline |
| pronation | rotating forearm, palm posterior |
| supination | rotating forearm, palm anterior |
| circumduction | moving a limb or finger to describe a cone in space |
| opposition | moving the thumb to touch the tip of the other fingers |
| eversion | turning sole of foot laterally (specific to foot) |
| inversion | turning sole of foot medially (specific to foot) |
| plantar flexion | pointing the toes (specific to foot) |
| dorsiflexion | lifting the foot so that the superior surface approaches the skin |
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