Question 1

What two sinuses are present at birth?

Accepted Answer

1.Maxilla.
2.Ethmoid.

Question 2

When do you percuss the face?

Accepted Answer

If evaluating for hypocalcemia.

Question 3

Caput Succedanum

Accepted Answer

Subcutaneous edema after birth that crosses the suture lines.

**CONE HEAD

Question 4

Cephalhematoma

Accepted Answer

DOESN'T cross the suture lines. Subperiosteal collection of blood after birth.

Question 5

Plagiocephaly

Accepted Answer

flattened or asymmetrical shape to the skull in infants

Question 6

Craniosynostosis

Accepted Answer

premature closure of one or more cranial sutures before brain growth has been completed

Question 7

Hydrocephalus

Accepted Answer

swelling of the head MINUS the face

Question 8

Encephelocele

Accepted Answer

protrusion of nervous tissue through a skull defect.

Question 9

Microcephaly

Accepted Answer

Head circumfrence: 2 std deviations below mean

Question 10

Features of fetal alcohol syndrom

Accepted Answer

1.retardation.
2.wide spread eyes.
3.mild ptosis.
4.short nose.
5.thin upper lip.

Question 11

Hurler Syndrome

Accepted Answer

Enlarged skull, low forhead, short neck. 


**muccopolysaccharide storage disease

Question 12

Features of down syndrome

Accepted Answer

1.epicanthal folds.
2.depressed nasal bridge. 
3.mongoloid slant.
4.macroglossia.

Question 13

Hippocratic facies

Accepted Answer

1.sunken facial features
2.dry skin

**seen in later stages of terminal illness

Question 14

Cushings disease

Accepted Answer

ADRENAL TUMORS, high glucocorticoids.
1.Moon Face.
2.Eythema.
3.Thin skin

Question 15

What structures allow bone growth in the skull?

Accepted Answer

Suture and fontanels permit skull expansion and bone growth.

**skull may be deformed for short period after birth.

Question 16

Classic migraine symptoms?

Accepted Answer

1.unilateral.
2.throbbing.
3.Nausea.
4.Menses

**Common migraines present the same except GENERALIZED

Question 17

Cluster headaches

Accepted Answer

1.Unilateral.
2.searing pain.
3.nasal discharge.
4.lacrimation.

Question 18

Hypertensive headache

Accepted Answer

1.Bilateral.
2.occipital.
3.throbbing.

Question 19

Muscular tension headache

Accepted Answer

1.Band-like.
2.Constricting.
3.Stress.
4.Anger.

Question 20

Temporal Arteritis Headache

Accepted Answer

1.Temporal area.
2.throbbing.
3.OLDER ADULTS

Question 21

What is the largest endocrine gland in the body?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland. 


**If enlarged, vascular Bruits may exist.

Question 22

Graves disease (Hyperthyroidism)

Accepted Answer

AUTOIMMUNE (antibodies attack TSH receptors).
1.Exopthalmos.
2.Goiter.
3.tachycardia.
4.Wgt loss.
5.sensitivity to heat.

Question 23

What may be secondary to severe prolonged hypothyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Myxedema. 

1.periorbital edema. 
2.cognitive impairment.
3.puffy yellow skin.
4.Glycosaminoglycans.

Question 24

Hashimoto disease (Hypoparathyroidism)

Accepted Answer

AUTOIMMUNE (antibodies against thryoid gland).
1.Lethargy.
2.sensitive to cold.
3.wgt gain. 
4.puffy eyes.

**Congenital: floppy jaundice baby

Question 25

Is it common to hear bruits near the thyroid?

Accepted Answer

Yes if they are younger than 5.

**also the gland may not be palpable.

Question 26

How can the thyroid gland change with pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

It can enlarge due to an increased demand for T3 & T4.

Question 27

Agings effect on the thyroid

Accepted Answer

decreases production and becomes fibrotic.

Question 28

What does tracheal tugging suggest?

Accepted Answer

Aortic aneurysm.

Question 29

Branchial cleft cyst

Accepted Answer

CONGENITAL. due to incomplete development. found on anteromedial border of SCM.

Question 30

Nuchal rigidity

Accepted Answer

Associated with meningeal irritation

Question 31

When is the lymph system fully developed?

Accepted Answer

9-12 yrs/o

Question 32

Commonly enlarged lymph nodes in children less than 2?

Accepted Answer

1.postauricular.
2.occipital

Question 33

Function of the semicircular canals

Accepted Answer

:  respond to changes in direction of movement and send signals to the cerebellum for the maintenance of balance

Question 34

Why are children more prone to ear infections?

Accepted Answer

B/c their Eustachian tubes are wider, shorter, more horizontal.

Question 35

Presbycusis

Accepted Answer

gradual hearing loss, normal after age 65.

**High frequency sounds are lost first.

Question 36

Vertigo

Accepted Answer

1.unsteadiness,
2.loss of balance,
3.sycope.

Question 37

Tophi

Accepted Answer

Gout

Question 38

Acute Otitis Media

Accepted Answer

middle ear inflammation and effusion.

**Look for a red bulging TM with limited or absent movement.

Question 39

Otitis Media with effusion

Accepted Answer

inflammation of middle ear due to collection of serous, mucoid, or purulent fluid. 

**TM will be yellow, bulging or retracted, cracking sounds heard on yawning or chewing.

Question 40

Otitis Externa (Swimmer's ear)

Accepted Answer

Bacterial or fungal infection of the auditory canal.

**seen from trauma or moist environments. Pain worsens with chewing or movement.

Question 41

Cholesteatoma

Accepted Answer

cystlike tumor in the eardrum or middle ear.

**If untreated can errode the temporal bone causing permanent hearing loss and meningitis.

Question 42

Otosclerosis

Accepted Answer

Hereditary. more common in women 15-45 y/o. 

**Hearing loss via hardening of the ossicles.

Question 43

Labyrinthitis

Accepted Answer

: inflammation of the labyrinthine canal due to a complications of a upper respiratory viral or bacterial infection

Question 44

What age would you expect to see mastoiditis? what other disorders sometimes come with it?

Accepted Answer

Less than 2 y/o. Meningitis can be a complicaiton.

Question 45

Ménière diease

Accepted Answer

Hearing loss caused by a change in fluid (endolymph) volume within the portion of the inner ear known as the labyrinth

Question 46

What could cause nasal polyps?

Accepted Answer

1.recurrent sinusitis.
2.Asthma. 
3.allergic rhinitis

Question 47

Permanent teeth appear at what age?

Accepted Answer

6-15 y/o.


**deciduous teeth appear around 6-24 months.

Question 48

Long term side effects of the upper lip/ palate?

Accepted Answer

1.hearing loss. 
2.chronic otitis media.
3.speech dificulties.
4.feeding problems.
5.improper tooth development.

Question 49

When is the gingival tissue less elastic and more vulnerable?

Accepted Answer

Older age

Question 50

Xerostomia

Accepted Answer

DRY MOUTH (decreased salivation)

**Older Adults.

Question 51

Exudative pharyngitis

Accepted Answer

(Tonsilitis)inflmmation/infection of the tonsils.

Question 52

Peritonsillar abscess

Accepted Answer

causes:
1.Dysphagia.
2.drooling.
3.sore throat. 
4.fever.
5.deviated uvula.

Question 53

Torus Palatines

Accepted Answer

NORMAL.
bony protuberance in the midline of the hard palate.

Question 54

Oral Cancer

Accepted Answer

Ulcerative lesion that doesnt heal. 

**Can be painless and then painful, increase risk with EtOH and tobacco.

Question 55

Oral Cancer: Benign Keratosis

Accepted Answer

Need biopsy to ensure benign

Question 56

Oral Cancer: Lichen planus

Accepted Answer

BENIGN, white, intersecting lines.

Question 57

Oral Cancer: Leukoplakia

Accepted Answer

premalignant, chronic irritation.

Question 58

Niacin or Vit B12 deficiency

Accepted Answer

smooth red tongue.

Question	Answer
What two sinuses are present at birth?	1.Maxilla. 2.Ethmoid.
When do you percuss the face?	If evaluating for hypocalcemia.
Caput Succedanum	Subcutaneous edema after birth that crosses the suture lines. **CONE HEAD
Cephalhematoma	DOESN'T cross the suture lines. Subperiosteal collection of blood after birth.
Plagiocephaly	flattened or asymmetrical shape to the skull in infants
Craniosynostosis	premature closure of one or more cranial sutures before brain growth has been completed
Hydrocephalus	swelling of the head MINUS the face
Encephelocele	protrusion of nervous tissue through a skull defect.
Microcephaly	Head circumfrence: 2 std deviations below mean
Features of fetal alcohol syndrom	1.retardation. 2.wide spread eyes. 3.mild ptosis. 4.short nose. 5.thin upper lip.
Hurler Syndrome	Enlarged skull, low forhead, short neck. **muccopolysaccharide storage disease
Features of down syndrome	1.epicanthal folds. 2.depressed nasal bridge. 3.mongoloid slant. 4.macroglossia.
Hippocratic facies	1.sunken facial features 2.dry skin **seen in later stages of terminal illness
Cushings disease	ADRENAL TUMORS, high glucocorticoids. 1.Moon Face. 2.Eythema. 3.Thin skin
What structures allow bone growth in the skull?	Suture and fontanels permit skull expansion and bone growth. **skull may be deformed for short period after birth.
Classic migraine symptoms?	1.unilateral. 2.throbbing. 3.Nausea. 4.Menses **Common migraines present the same except GENERALIZED
Cluster headaches	1.Unilateral. 2.searing pain. 3.nasal discharge. 4.lacrimation.
Hypertensive headache	1.Bilateral. 2.occipital. 3.throbbing.
Muscular tension headache	1.Band-like. 2.Constricting. 3.Stress. 4.Anger.
Temporal Arteritis Headache	1.Temporal area. 2.throbbing. 3.OLDER ADULTS
What is the largest endocrine gland in the body?	Thyroid gland. **If enlarged, vascular Bruits may exist.
Graves disease (Hyperthyroidism)	AUTOIMMUNE (antibodies attack TSH receptors). 1.Exopthalmos. 2.Goiter. 3.tachycardia. 4.Wgt loss. 5.sensitivity to heat.
What may be secondary to severe prolonged hypothyroidism?	Myxedema. 1.periorbital edema. 2.cognitive impairment. 3.puffy yellow skin. 4.Glycosaminoglycans.
Hashimoto disease (Hypoparathyroidism)	AUTOIMMUNE (antibodies against thryoid gland). 1.Lethargy. 2.sensitive to cold. 3.wgt gain. 4.puffy eyes. **Congenital: floppy jaundice baby
Is it common to hear bruits near the thyroid?	Yes if they are younger than 5. **also the gland may not be palpable.
How can the thyroid gland change with pregnancy?	It can enlarge due to an increased demand for T3 & T4.
Agings effect on the thyroid	decreases production and becomes fibrotic.
What does tracheal tugging suggest?	Aortic aneurysm.
Branchial cleft cyst	CONGENITAL. due to incomplete development. found on anteromedial border of SCM.
Nuchal rigidity	Associated with meningeal irritation
When is the lymph system fully developed?	9-12 yrs/o
Commonly enlarged lymph nodes in children less than 2?	1.postauricular. 2.occipital
Function of the semicircular canals	: respond to changes in direction of movement and send signals to the cerebellum for the maintenance of balance
Why are children more prone to ear infections?	B/c their Eustachian tubes are wider, shorter, more horizontal.
Presbycusis	gradual hearing loss, normal after age 65. **High frequency sounds are lost first.
Vertigo	1.unsteadiness, 2.loss of balance, 3.sycope.
Tophi	Gout
Acute Otitis Media	middle ear inflammation and effusion. **Look for a red bulging TM with limited or absent movement.
Otitis Media with effusion	inflammation of middle ear due to collection of serous, mucoid, or purulent fluid. **TM will be yellow, bulging or retracted, cracking sounds heard on yawning or chewing.
Otitis Externa (Swimmer's ear)	Bacterial or fungal infection of the auditory canal. **seen from trauma or moist environments. Pain worsens with chewing or movement.
Cholesteatoma	cystlike tumor in the eardrum or middle ear. **If untreated can errode the temporal bone causing permanent hearing loss and meningitis.
Otosclerosis	Hereditary. more common in women 15-45 y/o. **Hearing loss via hardening of the ossicles.
Labyrinthitis	: inflammation of the labyrinthine canal due to a complications of a upper respiratory viral or bacterial infection
What age would you expect to see mastoiditis? what other disorders sometimes come with it?	Less than 2 y/o. Meningitis can be a complicaiton.
Ménière diease	Hearing loss caused by a change in fluid (endolymph) volume within the portion of the inner ear known as the labyrinth
What could cause nasal polyps?	1.recurrent sinusitis. 2.Asthma. 3.allergic rhinitis
Permanent teeth appear at what age?	6-15 y/o. **deciduous teeth appear around 6-24 months.
Long term side effects of the upper lip/ palate?	1.hearing loss. 2.chronic otitis media. 3.speech dificulties. 4.feeding problems. 5.improper tooth development.
When is the gingival tissue less elastic and more vulnerable?	Older age
Xerostomia	DRY MOUTH (decreased salivation) **Older Adults.
Exudative pharyngitis	(Tonsilitis)inflmmation/infection of the tonsils.
Peritonsillar abscess	causes: 1.Dysphagia. 2.drooling. 3.sore throat. 4.fever. 5.deviated uvula.
Torus Palatines	NORMAL. bony protuberance in the midline of the hard palate.
Oral Cancer	Ulcerative lesion that doesnt heal. **Can be painless and then painful, increase risk with EtOH and tobacco.
Oral Cancer: Benign Keratosis	Need biopsy to ensure benign
Oral Cancer: Lichen planus	BENIGN, white, intersecting lines.
Oral Cancer: Leukoplakia	premalignant, chronic irritation.
Niacin or Vit B12 deficiency	smooth red tongue.

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