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cardiology of heart
ANATOMY CHAPTER 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what encloses the heart, holds it in place | pericardium |
| where is the fibrous pericardium | outer layer |
| where is the parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium | inner/ double layer |
| what is the outer layer. this is the visceral pericardium | epicardium |
| what is the middle layer cardiac muscle (pumps) | myocardium |
| what is the inner layer. squamous epithelium lines and covers valves | endocardium |
| what is the upper chambers. separated by the interatrail septum | atria aka: atrium |
| what is the lower chambers. separated by the inerventricular septum | ventricles |
| what prevents blood from flowing backwards | valves |
| what is found between atria and ventricles | atriocentricular |
| what had 3 cusps (flaps) found b/w r. atrium and r. ventricle | tricuspid valve |
| what has 2 cusps. found b/w l. atrium and l. ventricle | bicuspid valve |
| what is found b/w ventricle and vessel leaving it | semilunar |
| what is b/w r. ventricle and pulmonary truck | pulmonary valve |
| what is b/w l. ventricle and aorta | aortic valve |
| what is a threadlike structure that attaches the cusps | chordae tendineae |
| what is arteries, capiliaries, veins that provide the myocardium w/ o2 and nutrients. blood drains back into the coronary sinus in the r. atrium | coronary circulation |
| systole stands for what | contraction |
| diastole stands for what | relaxation |
| what is this atria contract while ventricles relax then ventricles contract while atria relax | coordination |
| what is when ventricles contract, AV valves closing | lubb |
| what is when ventricles relax, semilunars close | dubb |
| what beats independently but CNS controls the rate | intrinsic |
| what is behind r. atrium, acts like the human pacemaker | sinoatrial (SA node) |
| what is near septum b/w atrium and ventricles | atriocentricular (AV node) |
| what is inside top ventricular septum | bundle branches |
| what is found throughout the ventricles | purkinje fibers |
| what records changes in the cardiac cycle | electrocardiogram aka: ECK or EKG |
| what wave SA node initiating systole of atria | p waves |
| what wave Contraction of ventricles | QRS wave |
| what wave Diastole (repolarization) of ventricles | T wave |
| what is via spinal cord that stimulates by norepinophrine increase heart rate, strengthens contractions | sympathetic |
| what is via vagus nerve that inhibited by acetylcholine, decreases heart rate, weakens contractions | parasympathetic |
| what increase contractions | epinephrine |
| what decreases contractions | high k+ or na+ |
| what increase contractions- high | body temp |
| what decreased contractions-older | age |
| what decreased contractions-male | gender |
| what lead away from | arteries |
| what are small vessels | arterioles |
| what are walls a single-cell-layer thick allow molecular exchange with cells | capillaries |
| what collects blood from capillaries | venules |
| what leads toward | veins |
| what is normal blood pressure | 120/180 |
Created by:
katercheers
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