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Respiratory System
notes, word parts, & pathalogical conditions
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Nares | External nostrils |
Cilia | Hairlike projections on the mucous membranes that sweep dirt and foreign material toward the throat for elimination |
Pharynx | Throat; An airway that connects the mouth and nose to the larynx |
Pharynx (3 sections) | Nasopharynx / Oropharynx / Laryngopharynx |
Epiglottis | A small flap of cartilage that covers the opening of the larynx so that food cannot enter |
Larynx | Voice box; contains structures that make vocal sounds possible (vocal cords) |
Adenoids | Lymphatic tissue forming a prominence on the wall of the recess of the nasopharynx |
Alveoli | Air cells of the lungs; known as pulmonary parenchyma (FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF THE LUNGS) |
Bronchi | Two main branches leading from the trachea to the lungs, providing the passageway for air movement |
Bronchiole | One of the smaller subdivisions of the bronchial tubes |
Epiglottis | Covers the entrance of the larynx when you swallow |
Palatine Tonsils | Lymphatic tissue located in the depression of the mucous membrane of fauces and the pharynx |
Pleura | Double-folded membrane that lines the thoracic cavity |
Trachea | Windpipe; Cylinder-shaped tube lined with rings of cartilage (to keep it open) |
Alveol/o | alveolus |
Bronch/o | bronchus |
Bronchiol/o | bronchus |
Epiglott/o | epiglottis |
Laryng/o | larynx |
nas/o | nose |
Orth/o | straight |
Pector/o | chest |
Pharyng/o | pharynx |
Phren/o | mind; diaphragm |
Pleur/o | pleura |
Pne/o | breathing |
Pneum/o | lungs; air |
Pneumon/o | lungs; air |
Pulmon/o | lungs |
Rhin/o | nose |
-scope | instrument to view |
Sinus/o | sinus |
Thorac/o | chest |
Trache/o | trachea |
Apnea | without breathing |
Bradypnea | Abnormally slow breathing |
Cyanosis | Bluish, grayish, slatelike, or dark purple discoloration of the skin due to reduced hemoglobin in the blood |
Dyspnea | Air hunger resulting in labored or DIFFICULT BREATHING |
Epistaxis | Nosebleed |
Hypoxia | Deficiency of oxygen |
Rhinorrhea | Thin, watery discharge from the nose |
Sneeze | Expel air forcefully |
Tachypnea | Abnormal fast breathing |
Wheeze | A whistling sound resulting from narrowing of the lumen of a respiratory passageway |
Scarlet Fever | Infection that goes untreated; In adults- Scabies |
Croup | Chilhood disease characterized by a barking cough, suffocative and difficult breathing, stridor, and laryngeal spasm |
Laryngitis | Inflammation of the larynx |
Pertussis | Whooping cough; prevented by immunization of infants at 3 months of age |
Chronic | long term |
Acute | right now; short term |
Rhinitis | Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose |
Sinusitis | Inflammation of a sinus |
Tonsillitis | Inflammation of the palatine tonsils |
Asthma | Paroxysmal dyspnea accompained by wheezing caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes |
Exercise induced asthma | can be outgrown; NOT chronic |
Allergy induced asthma | only cured when allergy is removed; can be acute/ chronic |
Chronic asthma | long term asthma |
Bronchitis | Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes |
Bronchogenic carcinoma | chronic lung cancer |
Emphysema | a chronic obstruction (increase in airway resistance) to the inflow and outflow of air from the lungs; major cause: cigarette smoking |
Pleural Effusion | Accumilation of fluid in the pleural space; compresses the lung |
Pleuritis (pleurisy) | Inflammation of both the visceral pleura (organ side) and parietal pleura(outer side) |
Pneumonia | Inflammation of the lungs caused primarily by bacteria, viruses, and chemical irritants |
Pneumothorax | collapsed lung; a collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity |
Pulmonary Embolism | The obstruction of one or more pulmonary arteries by a thrombus that dislodges from another location |
SIDS | sudden infant death syndrome |
Tuberculosis | An infectous disease caused by the tubercle bacillus (mycobacterium tuberculosis); spread by droplet infection (sneezing/ coughing) |
Asbestosis (5 pts) | Lung disease resulting from inhalation of asbestos particles |
PFTs | pulmonary function tests; a variety of tests to assess respiratory function |
Thoracentesis | The use of a needle to collect pleural fluid for lab analysis |
CDC | center for disease control |
ABGs | arterial blood gas(es) |
AP | anteroposterior |
CXR | chest x-ray |
LLL | left lower lobe (lung) |
LUL | left upper lobe (lung) |
PA | posteroanterior |
PCP (5pts) | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (ONLY AIDS patients) |
RLL | right lower lobe (lung) |
RML | right middle lobe (lung) |
RUL | right upper lobe (lung) |
SOB | shortness of breath |
TB | tuberculosis |
URI | upper respiratory infection |
Respiration | exchange of gases between the body and air |
Function of Respiratory System | respiration, producing sound and assisting in the body's defense against foreign materials |
Hypertromy | enlargement |
Adam's Apple | the most prominant of the nine cartilages located in the larynx |
Left Lung | has two lobes |
Right Lung | has three lobes |