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A and P chapter-3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adipose | Fat tissue |
| Anaplasia | Growth of abnormal cells, as in tumor or neoplasm |
| Apoptosis | Programmed cell death by means of several biochemical processes built into each cell |
| Areolar | Type of connective tissue consisting of fibers and a variety of cells embedded in a loose matrix of soft, sticky gel |
| Axon | Nerve cell process that transmits impulses away from the cell body |
| Centriole | One pair of tiny cylinders in the centrosome of a cell; believed to be involved with spindle fibers from mitosis |
| Centromere | A beadlike structure that attaches one chromatid to another during the early stages of mitosis |
| Chondrocyte | Cartilage cell |
| Chromatid | A chromosome strand |
| Chromatin | Deep sustaining substance in the nucleus of cells; divides into chromosomes during mitosis |
| Cleavage Furrow | Appears at the end of anaphase and begins to divide the cell into two daughter cells |
| Collagen | Principle organic constituent of connective tissue |
| Columnar | Shape in which cells are higher than they are wide |
| Complementary Base Pairing | Bonding purines and pyrimidines in DNA |
| Connective | Most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body and has numerous functions |
| Crenation | Abnormal notching in an erythrocyte cause by shrinkage after suspension in a hypertonic solution |
| Cuboidal | Cell shape resembling a cube |
| DNA | Genetic material of the cell that carries the blueprint of the body |
| Endocrine | Secreting into the blood or urine rather than into a duct |
| Epithelial | Covers the body and its parts; lines various parts of the body |
| Exocrine | Secreting into a duct; opposite of endocrine |
| Genome | Entire set of chromosomes in a cell |
| Gland | Secreting structure |
| Glia | Supporting cells of nervous tissue |
| Goblet Cell | Specialized cells found in simple columnar epithelium that produce mucus |
| Hematopoietic | Specialized connective tissue that is responsible for the formation of blood cells and lymphatic system cells |
| Hyperplasia | Growth of an abnormally large number of cells at a local site |
| Hypertonic | A solution containing a higher level of salt than is found in a living red blood cell |
| Hypotonic | A solution containing a lower level of salt than is found in a living red blood cell |
| Interphase | The phase immediately before the visible stages of cell division when the DNA of each chromosome replicates itself |
| Interstitial | Small specialized cells in the testes that secrete the male sex hormone |
| Isotonic | Type of contraction that maintains uniform tension or pressure |
| Lyse | Disintegration of a cell |
| Matrix | The intracellular substance of a tissue |
| Messenger RNA | A duplicate copy of the gene sequence on the DNA that passes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm |
| Mitosis | Indirect cell division involving complex changes in the nucleus |
| Anaphase | Stage of mitosis; duplicate chromosomes move to poles of diving cells |
| Metaphase | Second stage of mitosis, during which the nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear |
| Prophase | First stage of mitosis during which chromosomes become visible |
| Telophase | Last stage of mitosis in which the cell divides |
| Neuron | Nerve cell, including its processes |
| Nucleoplasm | A special type of cytoplasm found in the nucleus |
| Nuclear Envelope | The boundary of a cells nucleus, made up of a double layer of cellular membrane |
| Organelle | Cell organ |
| Cilia | Hairlike projections of cells |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | Network tubles and vesicles in cytoplasm |
| Flagellum | Single projection extending from the cell surface |
| Golgi Apparatus | Small sacs stacked on one another near the nucleus that makes carbohydrate compounds, combines them with protein molecules, and packages the product in a globule |
| Lysosome | Membranous organelles containing various enzymes that can dissolve most cellular compounds |
| Microvilli | The brushlike border made up of epithelial cells found on each villus in the small intestine and other areas of the body |
| Mitochondria | Threadlike structures |
| Nucleolus | Critical to protein formation because it "programs" the formation of ribosomes in the nucleus |
| Nucleus | Spherical structure within a cell |
| Plasma Membrane | Membrane that separates the contents of a cell from the tissue fluid |
| Ribosome | Organelle in the cytoplasm of cells that synthesizes proteins |
| Vesicle | A clinical term referring to blisters, fluid-filled skin lesions |
| Osteon | Structural unit of compact bone tissue made up of concentric layers of hard bone matrix and bone cells |
| Phospholipid | Phosphate-containing fat molecule |
| RNA | A nucleic acid found in the cytoplasm that is crucial to protein synthesis |
| Spindle Fiber | A network of tubles formed in the cytoplasm between the centrioles as they are moving away from each other |
| Squamous | Scalelike |
| Transfer RNA | Type of RNA that temporarily binds to specific amino acids and transfers them to specific sequences on a mRNA sequence |
| Transcription | Action that occurs when the double-stranded DNA molecule unwinds and forms the mRNA |
| Translation | The synthesis of a protein by ribosomes |
| Dialysis | Separation of smaller particles from larger particles through semipermeable membrane |
| Diffusion | Spreading of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration |
| Filtration | Movement of water and solutes through a membrane by a higher hydrostatic pressure on one side |
| Osmosis | Movement of fluid through semipermeable membrane |
| Phagocytosis | Ingestion and digestion of articles by a cell |
| Pinocytosis | The active transport mechanism used to transfer fluids or dissolved substances into cells |
Created by:
Akile6
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