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BIO201-Ch10-MusSys-1
BIO201 - Ch 10 - Muscular System General - Marieb/Hoehn - Rio Salado - AZ
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Muscles can only __; they never __ | Pull - Push |
| As a msucle shortens, its __ moves toward its origin. | Insertion |
| Name the 4 functional groups of muscle classification. | Prime movers, antagonists, synergists, or fixators. |
| A muscle that provides major force for movement. | Prime mover (agonist) - leader. |
| The biceps brachii muscle is a __ of elbow flexion. | Prime mover - inserts on radius. |
| Muscles that oppose, or reverse, a partiuclar movement. | Antagonists |
| When a prime mover is active, the antagonists is __. | Often stretched & may be relaxed. |
| What contracts to provide resistance to prime mover? | Antagonists - to prevent overshoot or to stop/slow the movement. |
| A prime mover & its antagonist are located on __ sides of the joint across which they act. | Opposite |
| Fexion of forearm by biceps brachii muscle of arm is antagonized by the __. | Triceps brachii |
| The tricep brachii is the prime mover for __ the forearm. | Extending |
| Synergists assist prime movers how? | (1) adding force to movement & (2) reducing undesireable movements - stabilizing a joint. |
| You can make a fist w/o bending wrist because? | Synergistic muscles stabilize the wrist. |
| Muscles that help to maintain upright posture are? | Fixators |
| Which type of muscles immobilize the scapula so only desired movements occur at shoulder joint? | Fixator muscles that run from axial skeleton to scapula. |
| Skeletal muscles are named according to 7 criteria. | Location, shape, size, fiber direction, # of origins, location of attachments, & action. |
| "Rectus" means? | Straight |
| What factor results in muscles w/different shapes & capabilities? | Arrangement of fascicles. |
| 4 most common patterns of fascicle arrangement. | Parallel, pennante, convergent, circular. |
| What is the fascicle pattern of sphincters? | Circular |
| A fan-shaped muscle w/broad origin where fascicles taper into a single tendon of insertion is a __. | Convergent muscle. |
| Strap-like muscles in which fascicles run parallel are said to be in __ arrangement. | Parallel |
| Spindle-shaped parallel muscles are also called __. | Fusiform muscles. |
| A "feather" shaped muscle w/short fascicles that attach obliquely to a central tendon is called a __. | Pennate muscle pattern. |
| A pennat pattern in which fascicles insert only on 1 side. | Unipennate |
| A pennate pattern w/fascicles insert of both sides. | Bipennate |
| The extensor digitorum muscle of leg has __ pattern. | Unipennate - only inserts on 1 side. |
| The fascicle pattern of rectus femoris of thigh is __. | Bipennate - attaches on both sides. |
| A __ arrangement looks like many feathers situated side-by-side w/quills inserted into 1 tendon. | Multipennate |
| The deltoid muscle has a __ fascicle arrangement. | Multipennate - forms roundness of shoulder. |
| The arrangement of a muscle's __ determines its range of motion & power. | Fascicles |
| Skeletal muscles shorten to about __% of thier resting length when they contract. | 70% |
| Which fascicle arrangement shortens the most? | Muscles w/parallel fascicle arrangment - not really powerful. |
| The greater the total # of muscle cells, the __ the power. | Greater |
| Which fascicle arrangement is most powerful? | Bipennante & multipennate muscles. |
| What are the "fulcrums" in our bones? | Joints |
| What are the levers in our bodies? | Bones |
| The "effort" our muscle contractions provides are applied __. | At the muscle's insertion point on a bone. |
| A lever operating at a "mechanical advantage" is a __. | Power lever=effort farther than load from fulcrum. |
| A lever operating at a "mechanical disadvantage" is a __. | Speed lever=effort nearer than load to fulcrum. |
| First-class levers | Load-Fulcrum-Effort -- Like a seesaw-fulcrum 1/2 way between-scissors |
| What class leverage occurs when lifting head off chest? | First-class lever |
| The action of triceps muscle in extending forearm against resistance operates at mechanical __. | Disadvantage |
| Second-Class lever | Fulcrum-Load-Effort -- effort @ one end & fulcrum at other w/load between. |
| Secon-class leverage when standing on __. | Tip toes |
| What arrangement is Load-Fulcrum-Effort? | First-Class lever - like seesaw |
| What arrangement is Fulcrum-Load-Effort? | Second-Class lever |
| Second-class levers in body work at mechanical __. | Advantage |
| Second-class levers are levers of __. | Strength, not speed or range of motion. |
| Which class of levers are strength levers? | Second-Class = Fulcrum-Load-Effort. |
| Third-Class Levers | Load-Effort-Fulcrum -- great speed - mechanical disadvantage - tweezers & forceps - most skeletal muscles. |
| Most skeletal muscles of the body act in __-class lever systems. | Third |
| Which muscle is principle muscle of cheek? | Buccinator - compresses cheek - holds food between teeth during chewing - I=Orbiculoris oris & N=Fac. Nerve |
| Which musc. well developed in nursing infants? | Buccinator "Cheek" |
| Which musc. lowers mandible & tenses skin of neck for shaving? | Platysma-flat & sheetlike- I=lower mandible & N=Fac. Nerve |
| Mastication | "Chewing & biting" activites |
| Prime movers of jaw closure & biting. | Masseter & temporalis |
| Which class of lever sysstem would biceps muscle of arm be as it lifts distal forearm? | Third-class & allows rapid movement w/little shortening. |
| Muscles involved in 3rd-class levers tend to be __. | Thicker & more powerful. |
| Load-Effort-Fulcrum is which class of lever? | 3rd Class |
| There are over __ skeletal muscles. | 600 |
| Main muscle in the scalp. | Epicranius |
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Ladystorm
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