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Nervous System term+
Terminology,abbrevs etc.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Afferent | Carry or move inward or toward a central structure |
| CNS | Central Nervous System; network of nervous tissue found in the brain & spinal cord |
| Efferent | Carry or move away from a central structure |
| Ventricle | Chamber or cavity of an organ that receives or holds a fluid |
| PNS | Peripheral Nervous System; All nervous tissue located outside of the spinal column & skull. Consists of 12pairs of cranial nerves&31pairs of spinal nerves.Subdivided into Somatic&Autonomic nervous system. |
| Nervous system consists of 2 main divisions they are | Central nervous system & Peripheral nervous system |
| The brain has 4 major structures they are | Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Diencephalon, Brainstem |
| Cerebrum | Largest & uppermost part of the brain.Used for sensory perception,interpretation,language,memory,voluntary movement&emotional aspects of behaviour.Consisting of 2 hemispheres divided by a deep longitudinal fissure or groove. |
| Corpus Callosum | joins the 2 hemispheres of the cerebrum together, permitting communication between the right & left sides of the brain. |
| 5 lobes | Frontal,Parietal,temporal,Occipital & Insula |
| Gyri | Numerous folds or convolutions on the cerebral surface |
| Sulci | Separates the Gyri by furrows or fissures |
| Cerebral Cortex | A thin layer that covers the entire cerebrum and is compose of gray matter. |
| Cerebellum | Second largest structure.All functions of the cerebellum involve movement. Also aids in maintaining equilibrium and balance. |
| Diencephalon | also called interbrain. Composed of many smaller structures,including Thalamus & Hypothalamus. |
| Thalamus | receives all sensory stimuli except olfactory & processes & transmits them to the appropriate centers in the cerebral cortex. receives impulses from the cerebrum & relays them to efferent nerves. |
| Hypothalamus | regulates activities of the Autonomic Nervous System(ANS)including impulses that regulate heartbeat,body temp & fluid balance. Also controls many endocrine functions |
| Brainstem | composed of 3 major structures;Midbrain(Mesencephalon),Medulla,Pons.Pathway for impulse conduction between brain&spinal cord. Origin of 10outof 12 pairs of cranial nerves.Controls respirations,blood pressure&heart rate. Sometimes called the Primary brain. |
| Midbrain(Mesencephalon) | Separates the cerebrum from the brainstem |
| Medulla | Attaches to the spinal cord |
| Pons | connecting the midbrain to the medulla. |
| Spinal Cord | transmits sensory impulses from the body to the brain&motor impulses from the brain to muscles&organs of the body.Within the spinal cavity of the vertebral column. |
| Ascending tracts | Sensory nerve tracts. Direction of impulse is UPWARD. |
| Descending tracts | Motor nerve tracts. Carry impulses in a downward direction to muscles and organs |
| Meninges | Protection for the spinal cord. Dura Mater(outermost covering;brain&spinal cord),Arachnoid(Middle covering),Pia Mater(innermost layer) |
| Dura Mater | Outermost covering of the brain&spinal cord. Tough, fibrous,dense&composed primarily of connective tissue.Due to thickness also called;Pachymeninges.Beneath is a cavity called the subdural space which is filled with serous fluid. |
| Arachnoid | Middle covering. Spider web appearance.Acts as shock absorber. fits loosely over the underlying structures. |
| Subarachnoid space | has cerebrospinal fluid that has protein,glucose,urea,salts&some white blood cells. provides nutritive substances for central nervous system&adds additional protection for the brain&spinal cord. |
| Pia Mater | Innermost covering. Directly adheres to the brain&spinal cord.As it passes over the brain it follows the contours of Gyri&Sulci. Contains blood vessels&lymphatics that nourish the underlying tissues. Pia+Arachnoid=Leptomeninges because they are so thin. |
| Somatic Nervous System (SNS) | Nerve fibers that transmit sensory info to the brain&spinal cord&nerve fibers that transmit impulses from brain&spinal cord to muscles under conscious or voluntary control such as those for walking & talking. |
| Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) | Nerves that control involuntary movement;digestion,heart contraction&vasoconstriction. Also regulates secretions by glands.Subdivided into Sympathetic&Parasympathetic divisions. |
| Sympathetic ANS | generally produces responses evident in 'fightorflight' situations. responds when immediate action is required. Blood flow increases in skeletal muscles to prepare an individual to either fight or retreat. |
| Parasympathetic ANS | Generally responds when immediate action is not required or threatening situation subsides. |
| Cranial Nerves | originate at the base of the brain&emerge through openings in the base of the skull.May be sensory,motor or mixture of both. |
| Sensory Nerves | Afferent. Receive impulses from the sense organs, eyes,ears,nose,tongue&skin & transmits them to the CNS |
| Motor Nerves | Conduct impulses to muscles & glands. Some cranial nerves are composed of both sensory&motor fibers (mixed nerves ex.facial nerve) |
| Spinal Nerve | Emerge from the intervertabral spaces in the spinal column&exit from the spinal canal between the vertebrae&extend to various parts of the body.Each with2points of attachment to the spinal cord. All 31pairs of spinal nerves are mixed nerves. |
| Anterior(Ventral) Root | Contains motor fibers. This root & the Posterior(Dorsal) Root unite to form the spinal nerve that has both afferent&efferent qualities. |
| Posterior(Dorsal) Root | Contains sensory fibers. This root and the Anterior(Ventral) Root unite to form the spinal nerve that has both afferent&efferent qualities. |
| cerebr/o | Cerebrum |
| Crani/o | Cranium (skull) |
| Dendr/o | Tree |
| Encephal/o | Brain |
| Gangli/o | Ganglion |
| Gli/o | Glue;Neuroglia tissue |
| Kinesi/o | Movement |
| Lept/o | Thin,Slender |
| Lex/o | word,phrase |
| Mening/o OR Meningi/o | Meninges |
| Myel/o | Bone marrow;spinal cord |
| Narc/o | Stupor;numbness;sleep |
| Neur/o | Nerve |
| Radicul/o | Nerve Root |
| Sthen/o | Strength |
| Thalam/o | Thalamus |
| Thec/o | Sheath |
| Ton/o | Tension |
| Ventricul/o | Ventricle |
| -algesia | pain |
| -algia | pain |
| -asthenia | Weakness,debility |
| -esthesia | feeling |
| -kinesia | Movement |
| -lepsy | seizure |
| -paresis | partial paralysis |
| -phasia | Speech |
| -plegia | Paralysis |
| -taxia | Order,Coordination |
| pachy- | Thick |
| para- | Near,Beside,Beyond |
| Syn- | Union,Together,Joined |
| Uni- | One |
| AD | Alzheimer Disease |
| ADHD | Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder |
| ICP | Intracranial Pressure |
| LOC | Loss Of Consciousness |
| ALS | Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis |
| LP | Lumbar Pressure |
| ANS | Autonomic Nervous System |
| MRA | Magnetic Resonance Angiogram |
| BEAM | Brain Electrical Activity Mapping |
| MRI | Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
| CNS | Central Nervous System |
| MS | Multiple Sclerosis |
| CP | Cerebral Palsy |
| NCV | Nerve Conduction Velocity |
| CSF | Cerebrospinal Fluid |
| PET | Positron Emission Tomography |
| CT | Computed Tomography |
| PNS | Peripheral Nervous System |
| CVA | Cerebrovascular Accident |
| SNS | Sympathetic Nervous System |
| EEG | Ectroencephalography |
| TIA | Transient Ischemic Attack |
| EMG | Electromyography |
| Agnosia | Inability to comprehend auditory,visual,spatial sensations |
| Herpes Zoster | Painful,acute infectious disease; aka shingles |
| Trephination | Circular opening cut into the skull to relieve pressure |
| Asthenia | Weakness,debility or loss of strength |
| Aura | Premonitory awareness of an approaching disorder |
| Neurosis | Non-psychotic mental illness |
| T4 | 4th thoracic vertebrae |
| C1 | 1st Cervical vertebrae |
Created by:
Brittanyyy
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