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13 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
CHAPTER 13 ♥ THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acromegaly | Chronic metabolic condition characterized by gradual, noticeable enlargement and elongation of the bones of the face, jaw, & extremities due to over secretion of the pituitary gland after puberty. |
| Adenohypophysis | The anterior pituitary gland. |
| Adenopathy | any disease of a gland, characterized by enlargement. |
| Adrenocortical | pertaining to the cortex of the adrenal glands. |
| Androgen | any steroid hormone that increases male characteristics. |
| Cortex | pertaining to the outer region of an organ or structure. |
| Cretinism | congenital condition caused by lack of thyroid secretion. this condition is characterized by dwarfism |
| Diabetes Insipidus | metabolic disorder characterized by extreme polydipsia (excessive thirst) & polyuria (excessive urination). |
| Endocrinologist | physician who specializes in the medical practice of treating the diseases and disorders of the endocrine system. |
| Estrogen | one of the female hormones that promotes the development of female secondary sex characteristics. |
| Euthyroid | pertaining to a normally functioning thyroid gland. |
| Exophthalmia | abnormal condition characterized by a marked outward protrusion of the eyeballs. |
| Glucagon | hormone that stimulates the liver to convert glycogen into glucose. |
| Glucogenesis | the formation of glycogen from fatty acids and proteins instead of carbohydrates. |
| Glycogenesis | conversion of excess glucose into glycogen for storage in the liver for later use as needed. |
| Glycosuria | The presence of sugar in the urine. |
| Graves' Disease | hypothyroidism. |
| Growth Hormone | somatotropic hormone. |
| Hypercalcemia | elevated blood calcium level. |
| Hyperglycemia | elevated blood sugar level. |
| Hypergonadism | excessive activity of the ovaries or testes. |
| Hyperinsulinism | an excessive amount of insulin in the body. |
| Hyperkalemia | an elevated blood potassium level. |
| Hypernatremia | an elevated blood sodium level. |
| Hyperthyroidism | over activity of the thyroid gland; also called Graves' disease. |
| Hyperparathyroidism | hyperactivity of any of the four parathyroid glands, resulting in an over-secretion of parathyroid hormone. |
| Hyperpituitarism | overactivity of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. |
| Hypocalcemia | less than normal blood calcium level. |
| Hypoglycemia | less than normal blood sugar level. |
| Hypokalemia | less than normal blood potassium level. |
| Hyponatremia | less than normal blood sodium level. |
| Hypothyroidism | less than normal activity of the thyroid gland. |
| Insulin Shock | a state of shock due to extremely low blood sugar level caused by overdose of insulin. |
| Medulla | the internal part of a structure or organ. |
| Metabolism | the sum of all physical and chemical processes that take place within the body. |
| Myxedema | the most severe form of hypothyroidism in the adult. |
| Oxytocin | hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. |
| Polydipsia | excessive thirst. |
| Polyphagia | excessive eating. |
| Polyuria | excessive urination. |
| Progesterone | female hormone secreted by the ovaries. |
| Somatotropic Hormone | a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that regulates the cellular processes necessary for normal body growth; also called the growth hormone. |
| Syndrome | a group of symptoms occurring together, indicative of a particular disease or abnormality. |
| Tetany | condition characterized by severe cramping and twitching of the muscles and sharp flexion of the wrist & ankle joints; a complication of hypocalcemia. |
| Thyroiditis | inflammation of the thyroid gland. |
| Virilism | the development of masculine physical traits in the female (facial hair and body hair, deepening of the voice, & enlargement of the clitoris); also called masculinization. |
| Diabetes Insipidus | condition caused by a deficiency in the secretion of antidiurectic hormone (ADH) by the posterior pituitary gland, characterized by large amounts of urine & sodium being excreted from the body. |
| Dwarfism | Generalized growth retardation of the body due to the deficiency of the human growth hormone; |
| Gigantism | a proportional overgrowth of the body's tissue due to the hypersecretion of the human growth hormone before puberty. |
| Goiter Simple | hyperplasia of the thyroid gland. |
| Thyroid Storm | acute, sometimes fatal, incident of overactivity of the thyroid gland resulting in excessive secretion of the thyroid hormone. |
| Addisons' Disease | life-threatening disease process due to failure of the adrenal cortex |
| Cushing's Syndrome | condition of the adrenal gland in which there is a cluster of symptoms occurring as a result of an excessive amount of cortisol or ACTH circulating in the blood. |
| Diabetic Retinopathy | disorder of the blood vessels of the retina of the eye. |
| Gestational Diabetes | disorder in which women who are not diabetic before pregnancy develop diabetes during the pregnancy; |
| Pancreatic Cancer | a life-threatening primary malignant neoplasm typically found in the head of the pancreas. |
| Pancreatitis | an acute or chronic destructive inflammatory condition of the pancreas. |
| Fasting Blood Sugar | blood glucose sample taken usually early in the morning after the person has been without food or drink since midnight. |
| Glucose Tolerance Test | a test that evaluates the person's ability to tolerate a concentrated oral glucose load by measure the glucose levels. |
| Hemoglobin A1C | the hemoglobin A1C test is a blood test that shows the average level of glucose in an individual's blood during the last 3 months. |
| Serum Glucose Tests | measure the amount of glucose in the blood at the time the sample was drawn. |
| Thyroid Function Tests | tests that measure the blood levels of the hormones T3, T4, and TSH. |
| Thyroid Scan | exam that determines the position, size, shape, and physiological function of the thyroid gland through the use of radio-nuclear scanning. |
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone | test that measures the concentration of TSH in the blood. |
Created by:
kmariemurray
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