click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
13 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
CHAPTER 13 ♥ THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Acromegaly | Chronic metabolic condition characterized by gradual, noticeable enlargement and elongation of the bones of the face, jaw, & extremities due to over secretion of the pituitary gland after puberty. |
Adenohypophysis | The anterior pituitary gland. |
Adenopathy | any disease of a gland, characterized by enlargement. |
Adrenocortical | pertaining to the cortex of the adrenal glands. |
Androgen | any steroid hormone that increases male characteristics. |
Cortex | pertaining to the outer region of an organ or structure. |
Cretinism | congenital condition caused by lack of thyroid secretion. this condition is characterized by dwarfism |
Diabetes Insipidus | metabolic disorder characterized by extreme polydipsia (excessive thirst) & polyuria (excessive urination). |
Endocrinologist | physician who specializes in the medical practice of treating the diseases and disorders of the endocrine system. |
Estrogen | one of the female hormones that promotes the development of female secondary sex characteristics. |
Euthyroid | pertaining to a normally functioning thyroid gland. |
Exophthalmia | abnormal condition characterized by a marked outward protrusion of the eyeballs. |
Glucagon | hormone that stimulates the liver to convert glycogen into glucose. |
Glucogenesis | the formation of glycogen from fatty acids and proteins instead of carbohydrates. |
Glycogenesis | conversion of excess glucose into glycogen for storage in the liver for later use as needed. |
Glycosuria | The presence of sugar in the urine. |
Graves' Disease | hypothyroidism. |
Growth Hormone | somatotropic hormone. |
Hypercalcemia | elevated blood calcium level. |
Hyperglycemia | elevated blood sugar level. |
Hypergonadism | excessive activity of the ovaries or testes. |
Hyperinsulinism | an excessive amount of insulin in the body. |
Hyperkalemia | an elevated blood potassium level. |
Hypernatremia | an elevated blood sodium level. |
Hyperthyroidism | over activity of the thyroid gland; also called Graves' disease. |
Hyperparathyroidism | hyperactivity of any of the four parathyroid glands, resulting in an over-secretion of parathyroid hormone. |
Hyperpituitarism | overactivity of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. |
Hypocalcemia | less than normal blood calcium level. |
Hypoglycemia | less than normal blood sugar level. |
Hypokalemia | less than normal blood potassium level. |
Hyponatremia | less than normal blood sodium level. |
Hypothyroidism | less than normal activity of the thyroid gland. |
Insulin Shock | a state of shock due to extremely low blood sugar level caused by overdose of insulin. |
Medulla | the internal part of a structure or organ. |
Metabolism | the sum of all physical and chemical processes that take place within the body. |
Myxedema | the most severe form of hypothyroidism in the adult. |
Oxytocin | hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. |
Polydipsia | excessive thirst. |
Polyphagia | excessive eating. |
Polyuria | excessive urination. |
Progesterone | female hormone secreted by the ovaries. |
Somatotropic Hormone | a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that regulates the cellular processes necessary for normal body growth; also called the growth hormone. |
Syndrome | a group of symptoms occurring together, indicative of a particular disease or abnormality. |
Tetany | condition characterized by severe cramping and twitching of the muscles and sharp flexion of the wrist & ankle joints; a complication of hypocalcemia. |
Thyroiditis | inflammation of the thyroid gland. |
Virilism | the development of masculine physical traits in the female (facial hair and body hair, deepening of the voice, & enlargement of the clitoris); also called masculinization. |
Diabetes Insipidus | condition caused by a deficiency in the secretion of antidiurectic hormone (ADH) by the posterior pituitary gland, characterized by large amounts of urine & sodium being excreted from the body. |
Dwarfism | Generalized growth retardation of the body due to the deficiency of the human growth hormone; |
Gigantism | a proportional overgrowth of the body's tissue due to the hypersecretion of the human growth hormone before puberty. |
Goiter Simple | hyperplasia of the thyroid gland. |
Thyroid Storm | acute, sometimes fatal, incident of overactivity of the thyroid gland resulting in excessive secretion of the thyroid hormone. |
Addisons' Disease | life-threatening disease process due to failure of the adrenal cortex |
Cushing's Syndrome | condition of the adrenal gland in which there is a cluster of symptoms occurring as a result of an excessive amount of cortisol or ACTH circulating in the blood. |
Diabetic Retinopathy | disorder of the blood vessels of the retina of the eye. |
Gestational Diabetes | disorder in which women who are not diabetic before pregnancy develop diabetes during the pregnancy; |
Pancreatic Cancer | a life-threatening primary malignant neoplasm typically found in the head of the pancreas. |
Pancreatitis | an acute or chronic destructive inflammatory condition of the pancreas. |
Fasting Blood Sugar | blood glucose sample taken usually early in the morning after the person has been without food or drink since midnight. |
Glucose Tolerance Test | a test that evaluates the person's ability to tolerate a concentrated oral glucose load by measure the glucose levels. |
Hemoglobin A1C | the hemoglobin A1C test is a blood test that shows the average level of glucose in an individual's blood during the last 3 months. |
Serum Glucose Tests | measure the amount of glucose in the blood at the time the sample was drawn. |
Thyroid Function Tests | tests that measure the blood levels of the hormones T3, T4, and TSH. |
Thyroid Scan | exam that determines the position, size, shape, and physiological function of the thyroid gland through the use of radio-nuclear scanning. |
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone | test that measures the concentration of TSH in the blood. |