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13 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

CHAPTER 13 ♥ THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

QuestionAnswer
Acromegaly Chronic metabolic condition characterized by gradual, noticeable enlargement and elongation of the bones of the face, jaw, & extremities due to over secretion of the pituitary gland after puberty.
Adenohypophysis The anterior pituitary gland.
Adenopathy any disease of a gland, characterized by enlargement.
Adrenocortical pertaining to the cortex of the adrenal glands.
Androgen any steroid hormone that increases male characteristics.
Cortex pertaining to the outer region of an organ or structure.
Cretinism congenital condition caused by lack of thyroid secretion. this condition is characterized by dwarfism
Diabetes Insipidus metabolic disorder characterized by extreme polydipsia (excessive thirst) & polyuria (excessive urination).
Endocrinologist physician who specializes in the medical practice of treating the diseases and disorders of the endocrine system.
Estrogen one of the female hormones that promotes the development of female secondary sex characteristics.
Euthyroid pertaining to a normally functioning thyroid gland.
Exophthalmia abnormal condition characterized by a marked outward protrusion of the eyeballs.
Glucagon hormone that stimulates the liver to convert glycogen into glucose.
Glucogenesis the formation of glycogen from fatty acids and proteins instead of carbohydrates.
Glycogenesis conversion of excess glucose into glycogen for storage in the liver for later use as needed.
Glycosuria The presence of sugar in the urine.
Graves' Disease hypothyroidism.
Growth Hormone somatotropic hormone.
Hypercalcemia elevated blood calcium level.
Hyperglycemia elevated blood sugar level.
Hypergonadism excessive activity of the ovaries or testes.
Hyperinsulinism an excessive amount of insulin in the body.
Hyperkalemia an elevated blood potassium level.
Hypernatremia an elevated blood sodium level.
Hyperthyroidism over activity of the thyroid gland; also called Graves' disease.
Hyperparathyroidism hyperactivity of any of the four parathyroid glands, resulting in an over-secretion of parathyroid hormone.
Hyperpituitarism overactivity of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
Hypocalcemia less than normal blood calcium level.
Hypoglycemia less than normal blood sugar level.
Hypokalemia less than normal blood potassium level.
Hyponatremia less than normal blood sodium level.
Hypothyroidism less than normal activity of the thyroid gland.
Insulin Shock a state of shock due to extremely low blood sugar level caused by overdose of insulin.
Medulla the internal part of a structure or organ.
Metabolism the sum of all physical and chemical processes that take place within the body.
Myxedema the most severe form of hypothyroidism in the adult.
Oxytocin hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland.
Polydipsia excessive thirst.
Polyphagia excessive eating.
Polyuria excessive urination.
Progesterone female hormone secreted by the ovaries.
Somatotropic Hormone a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that regulates the cellular processes necessary for normal body growth; also called the growth hormone.
Syndrome a group of symptoms occurring together, indicative of a particular disease or abnormality.
Tetany condition characterized by severe cramping and twitching of the muscles and sharp flexion of the wrist & ankle joints; a complication of hypocalcemia.
Thyroiditis inflammation of the thyroid gland.
Virilism the development of masculine physical traits in the female (facial hair and body hair, deepening of the voice, & enlargement of the clitoris); also called masculinization.
Diabetes Insipidus condition caused by a deficiency in the secretion of antidiurectic hormone (ADH) by the posterior pituitary gland, characterized by large amounts of urine & sodium being excreted from the body.
Dwarfism Generalized growth retardation of the body due to the deficiency of the human growth hormone;
Gigantism a proportional overgrowth of the body's tissue due to the hypersecretion of the human growth hormone before puberty.
Goiter Simple hyperplasia of the thyroid gland.
Thyroid Storm acute, sometimes fatal, incident of overactivity of the thyroid gland resulting in excessive secretion of the thyroid hormone.
Addisons' Disease life-threatening disease process due to failure of the adrenal cortex
Cushing's Syndrome condition of the adrenal gland in which there is a cluster of symptoms occurring as a result of an excessive amount of cortisol or ACTH circulating in the blood.
Diabetic Retinopathy disorder of the blood vessels of the retina of the eye.
Gestational Diabetes disorder in which women who are not diabetic before pregnancy develop diabetes during the pregnancy;
Pancreatic Cancer a life-threatening primary malignant neoplasm typically found in the head of the pancreas.
Pancreatitis an acute or chronic destructive inflammatory condition of the pancreas.
Fasting Blood Sugar blood glucose sample taken usually early in the morning after the person has been without food or drink since midnight.
Glucose Tolerance Test a test that evaluates the person's ability to tolerate a concentrated oral glucose load by measure the glucose levels.
Hemoglobin A1C the hemoglobin A1C test is a blood test that shows the average level of glucose in an individual's blood during the last 3 months.
Serum Glucose Tests measure the amount of glucose in the blood at the time the sample was drawn.
Thyroid Function Tests tests that measure the blood levels of the hormones T3, T4, and TSH.
Thyroid Scan exam that determines the position, size, shape, and physiological function of the thyroid gland through the use of radio-nuclear scanning.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone test that measures the concentration of TSH in the blood.
Created by: kmariemurray
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