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A&P 12,13,14,15
blood, heart, circulation, lymph
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anti-bodies react with their antigens to cause clumping they ________ the antigens (meaning antibodies cause their targeted antigens to stick together into clusters) | agglutinate |
| Blood type that does not contain A or B antigens, nor anti-A or anti-B antibodies | Blood Type O |
| white blood cells are also known as | leukocytes |
| This type of cell is not a white blood cell | thrombocyte |
| This is a battery of tests used to measure the amounts or levels of many blood constituents and is often considered routine part of a PE | CBC; complete blood count |
| Inadequate numbers of RBC's | anemia |
| Sickle-Cell Anemia and Thalassemia are both types of _________ anemia | Hemolytic |
| This anemia is caused by toxins and chemicals | Aplastic anemia |
| Deficiency anemias are caused by what? | Inadequate supply of substances such as B12 |
| Dietary deficiency of vitamin B12 causes __________ anemia | pernicious |
| What plays an essential part in clotting | platelets |
| The anti-coagulant warfarin sodium(Coumadin) act by inhibiting | synthesis of prothrombin and other vitamin K-dependant clotting factors |
| What can also be used to prevent excessive blood clotting | Heparin |
| Heparin inhibits | the conversion pof prothrombin to thrombin preventing the formation of a thrombus |
| Clot dissolving substance that is often used in dissolving clots that block the heart muscle arteries | TPA; tissue plasminogen activator |
| The two upper chambers of the heart are called | Atria |
| The two lower chambers of the heart are called | Ventricles |
| Atria are also referred to as | Receiving chambers |
| Ventricles are also referred to as | Discharging chambers |
| The chambers of the heart are each lined with a smooth tissue called | Endocardium |
| Inflammation of the tissue lining the chambers of the heart is called | endocarditis |
| outer layer of the pericardium is called | parietal pericardium |
| The parietal pericardium fits around the heart like | a loose fitting sack |
| contraction of the heart is called | systole |
| relaxation of the heart is called | diastole |
| The two valves the separate the atrial chambers from the ventricles are called | AV valves; atrioventricular valves |
| The valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle is called | bicuspid or mitral valve |
| The valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle is called | tricuspid valve |
| The lub sound is caused by | vibration and abrupt closure of the AV valves as the ventricles contract |
| The second sound is caused by | closing of both semilunar valves when the ventricles go through diastole (relax) |
| This type of circulation involves the blood pumping from the right ventricle to the lungs | Pulmonary Circulation |
| Atheroscelrosis is a type of | hardening of the arteries (arteriosclerosis) |
| Severe chest pain that occurs when the myocardium is deprived of adequate oxygen | angina pectoris |
| Each complete heart beat is called a _______ _____ and includes the contraction (systole) and relaxation(diastole) of the artia and ventricles | Cardiac Cycle |
| The volume of blood ejected from the ventricles each beat | Stroke Volume |
| The volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per minute | Cardiac output |
| The pacemaker of the heart | Sinoatrial (SA) Node |
| Slow heart rhythm (less than 60 beats per minute) | bradycardia |
| Common type of vascular disease the occludes(blocks) arteries and weakens arterial walls | arteriosclerosis |
| Ateriosclerosis is characterized by thickening of arterial walls that progresses to | hardening as calcium deposits form |
| Atherosclerosis is blockage of arteries by | lipids (fats) |
| Section of artery that is abnormally widened because of weakening of the arterial wall | aneurysm |
| When veins dilate and the distance of flaps of the venous valves widen and become incompetent | Vericose Veins |
| vein inflammation | phlebitis |
| The direct cause of blood pressure is | Blood volume (the larger amount of blood the more pressure the blood exerts on the arterial walls causing higher blood pressure) |
| Lymph is a fluid that is formed in the tissue spaces and is transported by the | lymphatic vessels |
| The two terminal lymphatic vessels | right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct |
| Lymph from 75% of the body drains into | Thoracic duct |
| Enlarged pouchlike structure that serves as a storage area for lymph moving towards its point of entry | cisterna chyli |
| Abnormal condition of tissue swelling from accumulation of lymph | Lymphedema |
| Lymphatic capillaries that transport fats | lacteals |
| Swelling of the lymph nodes | lymphadenitis |
| pharyngeal tonsils are also known as | adenoids |
| Largest lymphoid organ in the body (it sits high in the abdomen) | spleen |
| The body's overall defense system | immune system |
| This exposure is not deliberate and occurs in the course of everyday living | Natural Exposure |
| Immunization is also know as | Artificial Exposure |
| This type of immunity occurs when an individual's own immune system responds to a harmful agent | Active Immunity |
| An antibody molecule combines with a specific compound called | antigen |
| An important way in which antibodies react is a process called | complete cascade |
| Primary cells of the immune system | Phagocytes and Lymphocytes |
| Phagocytes and Lymphocytes contain | White blood cells |
| Lymphocytes (the most numerous calles in the immune system) there are about | 1 trillion |
| It is possible to be stung by a bee and not have a reaction the first time | TRUE |
| A common autoimmune disease | Systemic lupus erythematosus; Lupus |
| The immune system reacts against foreign antigens in grafted tissue causing | rejection syndrome |
Created by:
heathobaggins
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