Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
ANATOMYYYYYYY
ANATOMY FINAL STUDY GUIDE
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| moving material through membranes into body | absorption |
| changing absorbed materials into other compounds | assimilation |
| releasing energy from foods | respiration |
| moving substances throughout body | circulation |
| toward the front of the body | anterior |
| toward the back of the body | posterior |
| away from the point of attachment | distal |
| toward the point of attachment | proximal |
| toward the surface of the body | superficial |
| away from the surface | deep |
| toward the midline | medial |
| away from the midline | lateral |
| lengthwise plane left to right sides | sagittal section |
| crosswire plane top and bottom halves | transverse section |
| upper arm | brachial |
| neck | cervical |
| eye cavity | orbital |
| lower back | lumbar |
| buttocks | gluteal |
| arm pit | axillary |
| abdomen | abdomial cavity |
| brain/head | cranial cavity |
| gentiles | pelvic cavity |
| heart | pericardial cavity |
| lungs | pleural cavity |
| diaphragm | thoracic cavity |
| spine | vertebral cavity |
| same chemical formula different structure | an isomer |
| what properties of carbon make it such a versatile atom in compounds | |
| all single bonds between C atoms fully fills with H | saturated |
| one or more double bonds between C atoms - spaces for more H (monosat and poliunsat) | unsaturated |
| cellular organelle enclosed by a double-layerd porous membrane and containing DNA the dense core of an atom composed of proteins and neurons | nucleus |
| organelle housing enzymes that catalyze the reactions of aerobic respiration | mitochondria |
| organlle composed of a system of connected membranous tubules and vesicles along which protein in synthesized | endoplasmic reticulum |
| organelle that contains digestive enzymes | lyosomes |
| an organelle that prepares cellular products for secretion | golgi apparatus |
| where is epithelial tissue found | throughout the body |
| what does epithelial tissues functions | covers organs, lines cavities, covers and produces glands, forms barriers, secretes, and absorbs |
| what are the characteristics of epithelial tissue | a vascular, high mitotic rate, tightly packed basement membrane and 1 free surface |
| where is connective tissue found | throughout the body |
| what are the functions of the connective tissues | bind structures, support protection, filler |
| what are the characteristics of connective tissue | extracellular matrix- fibers, ground substances |
| what system- framework, protection--bones, ligaments, cartilage | skeletal |
| what system- contraction-- skeletal muscles | muscular |
| what system- sense internal and external changes and sends messages-- brain, spinal cord, sense organs, nerves | nervous |
| what system- secrete hormones-- glands | endocrine |
| what system- carries materials to cells-- hears, blood vessels | cardiovascular |
| what system- carries fluids back to blood and provides protection | lymphatic/immune |
| what system- breaks down and absorbes nutrients-- liver gall bladder, pancreas | digestive |
| what system- o2 into blood and co2 out-- lungs, bronchi, trachea | respiratory |
| what system- removes waste and excess h20-- kidneys, ureters, bladder | urinary |
| connective tissue containing 2 or more sensory nerve fibers | meissners corpuscles |
| connective tissue containing nerve fiber found deep in subcutaneous tissue containing ligaments | pacinian corpuscles |
| exocrine gland in skin that secretes a mixture of water, salt ,uren and bodliey wastes | sweat gland |
| inner layer of dense connective tissue: collagen and elastin fibers, blood vessels, smooth muscles, nerves | dermis |
| outer layer of stratified, no blood squamous epithelium | epidermis |
| cartilage cells reside in lacunae (spaces) compeletly surrounded by ECM | chondrocytes |
| older cells pushed up from stratum basale and harden as cells die and percentage of keratin increases | keratiniztion |
| produce pigments, lots= dark hair, medium= blond, none= white, mix= gray | melanocytes |
| epidermal cells only redness and some swelling heals in 2 weeks | 1st degree burn |
| destroys some epidermis and some dermis blisters occur | 2nd degree |
| destroys epidermis, dermis and accessory organs skin: dry leathery, red to black to white | 3rd degree |
| secrete into blood ex: thyroid, pituitary | endocrine |
| secrete onto surface or cavities ex: salivary sweet, sebzceous (skin oils), pancreas | exocrine |
| bone shaft, long main portion | diaphysis |
| ends both proximal and distal epiehyses | epiphysis |
| increase osteoblast activity, inhibit osteoblast | calcitonin |
| infant soft spots, ossification is incomplete, allowing skull compression durning delivery | fontanels |
| bone separated by irregular spaces | spongy bone |
| dense bone tissue | compact bone |
| inner lining | endosteum |
| outer lining | periosteum |
| what does synarthroris stand for | fibrous joints |
| what is the movement of the fibrous join | immovable |
| where are the fibrous joints found | between the cranial bones, teeth, epitleseal plates |
| what does amphiarthrosis stand for | cartilaginous joints |
| what is the movement of the cartilaginous joint | slightly movable |
| what does diarthrosis stand for | the synovial joints |
| what is the movement of the synovial joint | freely movable |
| where is the synovial joint found | the hip, knee, phalanges |
| bone to bone | ligament |
| muscle to bone | tendon |
| bone to bone | suture |
| moving away from the body | abduction |
| moving toward the body | adduction |
| reduced angle between bones | flexion |
| increased angle between bones | extension |
| excess extension at joint | hyperextension |
| movement around an axis | rotation |
| movement so that the end follows a circular path | circumduction |
| turning hand palm up | supination |
| foot so sole is outward | eversion |
| foot so sole is inward | inversion |
| moving a part forward | protraction |
| moving a part backward | retraction |
| what joined- all planes and rotation, flexion/extension/adduction/abduction/internal amd external rotation--shoulder,hip | ball and socket joint |
| what joint- flexion and extension--elbow, phalanges | hinge joint |
| what joint- sliding or twisting-- between carpels, tarsels, ribs, sternum | gliding joint |
| what joint- roation around a central axis--proximal ends of radius, ulna, atlas, and axis | pivot joint |
| what are the 3 different type of muscle cells | skeletal, cardiac, smooth |
| what are these actin and myosin | myofibrils |
| what is the functional unit of skeletal muscles | sarcomere |
| what is the plasma membrane | sacolemma |
| what attach to actin | myosin filaments |
| space b/w 2 cells forming a synapse | synaptic cleft |
| neurotransmitter | acetylcholine |
| glycogen -> glucose -> 2pyruric -> ATP | glucose |
| an organic compound formed from pyruric acids during aerobic respiration | lactate |
| oxygen | |
| brain and spinal cord, not capable of regeneration | CNS parts |
| all nerves outside and connecting to CNS | PNS parts |
| nerve cells the structural and functional units of nervous system | neuron |
| support cells | neuroglia |
| longer extension from cell body, sends outgoing messages | axon |
| central part of a neuron | cell body |
| shorter extensions from cell body, receive incoming messages | dendrite |
| time it take to repolarize | refractory period |
| sensory neurons | afferent neurons |
| interneurons | association neuron |
| motor neurons | efferent neuron |
| white liproprotein that wraps and electrically insulates axons to increase speed of impulse | myelin sheath |
| nerve impulse that passes myelin sheath | saltatory conduction |
| nerve impulses that passes nodes of ravier | continuous conduction |
| na+ inside k+ inside? +inside,-outside | depolarization |
| k+ leaves | repolarization |
| compares intended movements with actual movements for smooth, coordinated, skilled movement-- posture and balance | cerebellum |
| right and left hemisphere, separated by the longitudinal fissures | cerebrum |
| brain stem, links spinal cord with brain-- heartbeat, breathing, swallowing, vomiting etc | medula oblongata |
| about medulla--cranial nerves | pons |
| above pons--cranial nerves | mid-brain |
| relays sensory in and out to cerebral cortex, crude sense of touch, pressure, pain, temp | thalamus |
| cavity such as brain ventricle fluid with cerebrum spinal fluid or hear that contains blood | ventricles |
| CNS and PNS- muscle contraction | acethylcholine |
| CNS- causes alertness | histamine |
| CNS- reduce pain by inhibiting substance p | endorphins |
| CNS and PNS- create a sense of feeling good, low levels cause Parkinson disease | dopamine |
| rods to see in dim light and cones to see color and sharp vision | retina |
| thin and watery constantly drained into blood and replaces | aqueous humor |
| thick jellylike | vitreous humor |
| what covers all of eyeball cornea | sclera |
| anterior, transparent, a vascular cover protects pupil | cornea |
| just behind pupil, focuses light on retina | lens |
| spiral labyrinth for hearing | cochlea |
| cone shaped that vibrates as sound waves hit it | tympanic membrane |
| what is the outer external ear | auricle |
| connects middle ear and the throat to equalize air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane | Eustachian tube |
| what are the auditory ossicles | malleus, incus, stapes |
| sensation of spinning or movement while holding still | vertigo |
| middle ear infection | otitis media |
| elevated intraocular pressure sue to excess aqueous humor | glaucoma |
| clouding of lens | cataract |
| disorders- pressure on the medial nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel in writs | carpal tunnel |
| disorders- degenerative autoimmune disease-immune system attacks joint tissue, infammation of | rheumatoid arthritis |
| disorders- degenerative disorientation of articular cartilage and spur formation usally 60+ | osteoarthritis |
| progressive disorder of the CNS, degeneration of the dopamine producing neurons in the midbrain | Parkinsons |
| overactive osteoclasts remove calcium from bone. spaces and canals appear, weaking bones | osteoporosis |
| lateral bend of the vertebral column | scoliosis |
| to maintain a stable internal environment is | homeostasis |
| what are diff homeostasis mechanisms in the body | temp, blood sugar, blood pressure, fluid level, ion levels, o2 levels |
Created by:
katercheers
Popular Anatomy sets