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USGov court cases
Court Cases
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Marbury v. Madison (1803) | judicial review |
| McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) | national supremacy, elastic clause |
| Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) | commerce clause |
| Barron v. Baltimore (1833) | states can take property without compensating owner |
| Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) | separate but equal constitutional |
| Schenck v. US (1919) | clear and present danger |
| Gitlow v. New York (1925) | states cannot deny free speech: first application of BoR to states |
| Near v. Minnesota (1931) | freedom of press from prior restraint |
| Korematsu v. US (1944) | internment of Japanese acceptable to protect nation |
| Brown v. Board (1st and 2nd) 1954-1955 | segregation unconstitutional |
| Mapp v. Ohio (1961) | exclusionary rule |
| Engel v. Vitale (1962) | school sponsored (or state sponsored) prayer unconstitutional |
| Baker v. Carr (1962) | one man, one vote |
| Abington School District v. Schempp (1963) | no school sponsored devotional bible reading in public schools |
| Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) | right to counsel |
| Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) | right to zone of privacy established through married couples |
| Miranda v. Arizona (1966) | protection against self-incrimination |
| Tinker v. DesMoines (1969) | symbolic speech in school |
| NY Times v. US (1971) | no prior restraint unless immediate imperiling of American forces |
| Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971) | Lemon test: secular legislative purpose, neither promote nor inhibit religion, no excessive entanglement |
| Miller v. California (1972) | defined obscenity |
| Roe v. Wade (1973) | right to abortion during first trimester |
| US v. Nixon (1974) | executive privilege except in cases of criminal trial |
| Buckley v. Valeo (1976) | symbolic freedom of speech to personal campaign contributions |
| Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) | racial quotas unconstitutional but can be ONE (complex) factor in admissions |
| New Jersey v. TLO (1985) | schools can search students with reasonable suspicion |
| Bethel v. Frasier (1986) | student speech can be limited in a school environment |
| Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988) | prior restraint exists in a school environment |
| Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989) | states can put regulations on abortion |
| Texas v. Johnson (1989) | symbolic freedom of speech in flag burning |
| Employment Division of Oregon v. Smith (1990) | states can restrain religious practice |
| Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992) | states can regulate abortion but not with undue burden |
| Shaw v. Reno (1993) | no racial gerrymandering (race not predominant factor in creating districts) |
| U.S. v. Lopez (1995) | Gun Free School Zones Act exceeded Congress' authority to regulate interstate commerce |
| Reno v. ACLU (1997) | regulating indecent speech on internet unconstitutional |
| Clinton v. NY (1998) | line-item veto unconstitutional violation of separation of powers |
| Bush v. Gore (2000) | halted election recount based on equal protection clause |
| Zelman v. Simmons – Harris (2002) | scholarship program that indirectly funds religious institutions constitutional |
| Ashcroft v. ACLU (2002) | struck down ban on internet child pornography |
| Gratz v. Bollinger (2003) | struck down use of "bonus points" for race in undergrad admissions |
| Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) | allowed use of race as general factor in admissions |
| Lawrence v. Texas (2003) | using right to privacy to strike down Texas sodomy law (instead of equal protection) |
| Kelo v. New London (2005) | eminent domain to force sale of private property for private economic development if it benefits the public |
| Gonzales v. Oregon (2006) | death with dignity (assisted suicide) upheld as constitutional use of state power (Attorney General cannot regulate states) |
| Gonzales v. Carhart (2007) | upheld Partial Birth Abortion Act of 2003 |
| DC v. Heller (2008) | struck down a WA DC ordinance that banned handguns |
Created by:
keylime314
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