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PHHS - APHUG Unit 4
PHHS - APHUG: Important vocab for Unit 4 - Political Geography
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| study of the political organization of the planet | political geography |
| concept of controlling and protecting territory that is yours | territoriality |
| final authority over a territory's political affairs | sovereignty |
| a population that shares a similar culture | nation |
| a politically organized territory that has a sovereign government | state |
| an internal divison of a state | State, Province, Canton, Prefecture, etc |
| stateless nation | a nation that does not have a government that represents their interests |
| nation-state | a state that is dominated by a single cultural (ethnic) group |
| key event leading to the formation of modern states in Europe | Norman Invasion of England, 1066 |
| concept of two or more sovereign states uniting for a common purpose | supranationalism |
| organization for international diplomacy; most of the world's sovereign states are members | United Nations |
| organization in Europe to benefit the member countries economically | European Union |
| catergorizing and analyzing countries based on their size, shape, and relative location | territorial morphology |
| country where the distance from the center to all borders is approximately the same | compact state |
| country that is divided up into two or more pieces | fragmented state |
| country that is "stretched"; has a long, thin shape | elongated state |
| country that has an extension, or "arm", off of a compact core | prorupt state |
| country that has a hole in it, caused by another state or physical feature | perforated state |
| state that has no access to an ocean or open sea | landlocked state |
| small outlier of territory separated from a state by the territory of another state | exclave |
| a piece of territory completely surrounded by the territory of one separate sovereign state | enclave |
| a state with a very small land area | microstate |
| step 1 of the boundary creation process; both states argree where the boundary is located | definition |
| step 2 of the boundary creation process; cartographers add the new boundary on maps | delimitation |
| step 3 of the boundary creation process; the boundary is visually indentified on the earth's surface (optional) | demarcation |
| a boundary that is a straight line | geometric boundary |
| a boundary that is formed by a naturally occuring feature | physical-political boundary (or natural-political boundary) |
| a boundary that separates cultural groups | cultural-political boundary |
| a boundary has existed before the present cultural landscape (before modern-day countries) | antecedent boundary |
| a boundary that has changed greatly over time | subsequent boundary |
| a boundary that is laid over top of a single, unified cultural landscape | superimposed boundary |
| a boundary that no longer exists but still affects the culture | relict boundary |
| a boundary dispute over the legal language and interpretation of the boundary definition agreement | definitional boundary dispute |
| a boundary dispute over the delimitation or demarcation of the boundary | locational boundary dispute |
| a boundary dispute over movement across the boundary | operational boundary dispute |
| a boundary dispute over a natural resource located on the boundary | allocational boundary dispute |
| rule by a sovereign power over a foreign people and place | colonialism |
| colonialism where the mother country takes advantage of the colonial territory, mostly for natural resources and other economic gain | imperialism |
| the interaction between countries in relation to where they are located | geopolitics |
| founded by Sir Halford Mackinder; states that control of central Asia was most important to control Eurasia and the world | Heartland Theory |
| founded by Nicholas Spykman; stated that control of the lands on the edge of the Eurasian continent was most important to control Eurasia and the world | Rimland Theory |
| founded by Saul Cohen; stated that geopolitical breakdowns during the Cold War were likely to occur in the edge of Eurasia, or the "Inner Crescent" | Shatterbelt Theory |
| an area that contains a state's major cities, population cluster, economic activity, and transportation infrastructure | core area |
| a state with more than one core area | multi-core state |
| a city where a country's government is located | capital |
| a capital city that is moved to help achieve some type of national objective (often to assert land claims) | forward capital |
| the city that is by far the largest, most powerful, most influential city in a state | primate city |
| a state government type where the central government possess all sovereignty | unitary government |
| a state government type where sovereignty is shared between the central government and the regional governments that make up the state's internal divisions | federal government |
| redistricting for advantage | gerrymandering |
| forces that unite the population of a country | centripetal forces |
| forces that divide the population of a country | centrifugal forces |
| unit that is equal to 1.15 statute (land) miles | nautical mile |
| area of sea adjacent to a country's coast extending 12 nautical miles. All of the country's laws apply | territorial sea |
| area of sea outside of all territorial seas. Admiralty Law is in effect | "High Seas" or international waters |
| area of sea extending 200 nautical miles from a country's coast. That country has rights to all economic activities in this area | exclusive economic zone (EEZ) |
| series of conventions that establish the rules governing modern-day sea boundaries | United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) |
| principle used to divide sea territory when two state's EEZs overlap | median-line principle |
| any organization that is made up of several member countries; operates on the principle of supranationalism | multi-state organization |
| when a region in a state wants to break away to form its own state, or join a new state | irredentism |
| process by which a region in a state gains political strength and autonomy at the expense of the central government | devolution |
| a government style where the monarch is supreme and possesses all sovereignty | absolute monarchy |
| a government style where a monarch acts as a figurehead; most power resides within a representative legislature | constitutional monarchy |
| a governmnent style where the people have power; leaders are elected and the economy enjoys a high degree of autonomy | free-market democracy |
| government style where all people are equal and all property is state owned. The government controls all facets of the economy; no free enterprise | communism (utilizing a planned economy) |
Created by:
pdeanna
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