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Garner's Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| culture | combination of 3 things: values, material artifacts, and political institutions |
| habit | a repetitive act that a particular individual performs |
| custom | a repetitive act of a group, performed tot he extent that it becomes a characteristic of the group |
| folk culture | traditionally practiced primarily by a small, homogeneous group living in an isolated rural area |
| popular culture | found in large, heterogeneous societies that share certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics |
| taboo | a restriction on behavior imposed by social customs |
| dowry | a gift from the family of a bride to the family of the groom, as a sign of respect. If no paid, the wife will often endure suffering and even murder. Murder are often covered up as a "kitchen accident" |
| language | a system of communication through speech,a collection of sounds that a group of people understands to have the same meaning |
| literary tradition | a system of written communication |
| official language | the language used by the government for laws, reports, and public objects |
| standard language | a dialect that is well established and widely recognized as he most acceptable for government, business, education, and mass communication |
| dialect | a regional variation of a language distinguished by distinctive vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation |
| isogloss | a word usage boundary |
| language branch | a collection of languages related through a common ancestor hat existed several thousand years ago |
| language family | a collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed long before recorded history |
| language group | a collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary |
| small language families | 5% of of people in the world speak a language in one of the following families: afro-asiatic(Middle East) austronesian(Southeast Asia) niger-congo(Africa) dravidian(India) |
| large language families | indo-european- 50% of people in the world speak a laguage in this family tibetan- 20% of people in the world speak a language in this family |
| ideograms | represent ideas or concepts, not specific pronunciations |
| isolated language | a language unrelated to any other and therefore not attached to any language family |
| ebonics | a dialect spoken by some african americans |
| franglais | the widespread use of english in the french language |
| spanglish | a combination of spanish and english |
| creol or creolized language | a language that results from the mixing of the colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated |
| extinct language | once in use, but no longer spoken or read in daily activities by anyone in the world |
| pidgin language | a simplified form of a lingua franca |
| lingua franca | a language of international communication |
| animism | traditional ethnic religions |
| autonomous religion | self-sufficient religions |
| branch | a large and fundamental division within a religion |
| caste system | the class or distinct hereditary order into which a hindu was assigned according to religious law |
| cosmogony | a set of religious beliefs concerning the origins of the universe |
| denomination | a division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations in a single legal and administrative body |
| diocese | the basic unit of geographic organization in the roman catholic church |
| ethnic religion | appeals primarily to a group of people living in one place |
| fundamentalism | a literal interpretation and a strict and intense adherence to basic principals of a religion |
| ghetto | a city neighborhood set up by law to be inhabited only be a certain group of people |
| hierarchial religion | a well defined geographic structure and organizes territory into local administrative units |
| missionary | individuals who help transmit a universalizing religion through relocation diffusion |
| monotheism | a religion that believes in only one god or almighty source |
| pagan | a follower of a polytheistic religion in ancient times |
| pilgrimage | a journey for religious purposes to a place considered sacred |
| polytheism | a religion that believes in two or more gods or almighty sources |
| sect | a relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination |
| solstice | time when the sun is farthest form the equator |
| universalizing religion | attempt to appeal to all people, wherever they may live in the world |
| GDI (Gender Developmental Index) | created by the UN, using income, literacy, education, and life expectancy, to compare the level of development of women against men |
| What percent of refugees are women and children? | 80% |
| longevity/gender gap | the difference in the average length of life between males and females |
| what 10 countries have a higher life expectancy for men than for women? | 1.burkina faso 2.mali 3.namibia 4.mosambique 5.niger 6.malawi 7.afghanistan 8.nepal 9.bangladesh 10.zimbabwe |
| maternal mortality rate | number of women who die in childbirth or 42 days after |
| infanticide | the intentional killing of infants |
| GEM(Gender Empowerment Measurement) | compares the ability of women and men to participate in economic and political decision making |
| enfranchisement | the right to vote |
Created by:
DreamDancer9
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