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Endocrine Not Parts
endocrine diseases and disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acidosis | condition caused by abnormal build up of acid products of metabolism (seen in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus) |
| Addison disease | chronic syndrome caused by a deficiency in hormonal secretion of the adrenal cortex. (signs and symp: weakness, darkening of the skin,loss of appetite, depression, and emotional problems.) |
| cretinism (Aka. congenital hypothyroidism) | condition caused by congenital absence or atrophy of thyroid gland. (signs: puffy features, mental deficiency, large tongue, and dwarfism) |
| Cushing syndrome | syndrome caused by excessive production of cortisol by adrenal cortices. (signs and symp: abnormally pigmented skin, "moon face", pads of fat on the chest and abdomen, "buffalo hump", wasting away of muscle, and hypertension.) |
| diabetes insipidus(DI) | caused by decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone by posterior lobe of pituitary gland. (signs and symp: excessive thirst (polydipsia), large amounts of urine (polyuria), and sodium excreted from body. |
| diabetes mellitus (DM) | chronic disease charac. by elevated blood sugar involving a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by under-activity of the islets of Langerhans. (DM can cause chronic renal disease, retinopathy, and neuropathy) |
| gigantism | happens before puberty, caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone by pituitary gland |
| goiter | enlargement of the thyroid gland (thyromegaly) |
| Graves disease | disorder of thyroid gland caused by hyperthyroidism, goiter, and abnormal protrusion of the eyeballs (exophthalmos) |
| ketosis | condition resultin from uncontrolled DM, body has abnormal concentration of ketone bodies from excessive fat metabolism |
| metabolic syndrome (Aka. syndrome X and insulin resistance syndrome) | group of S&S: insulin resistance, obesity charac. by excessive fat around waist and abdomen, hypertension, hyperglycemia, elevated triglycerides, and low levels of HDL. Risk: type 2 diabetes, heart disease, or stroke. |
| myxedema | condition from deficiency in thyroid hormone thyroxine; sever form of hypothyroidism in adult. S: puffiness of face and hands, coarse and thick skin, enlarged tongue, slow speech, and anemia. |
| pheochromocytoma | tumor of adrenal medulla (usually benign) charac. hypertension, headaches, palpitations, diaphoresis, chest pain, and abdominal pain. Can be removed surgically, can be fatal if untreated. |
| tetany | condition affecting nerves causing muscle spasms as result of hypocalcemia by deficiency of the parathyroid hormone. |
| thyrotoxicosis | condition caused by excessive thyroid hormones |
| radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) | nuclear med scan that measures thyroid function. (radioactive meds given to patient, and uptake into thyroid gland is measured) |
| thyroid scan | nuclear medicine test shows size, shape, and function of thyroid gland. used to detect tumors and nodules. |
| fasting blood sugar (FBS) | blood sugar test after patient fasts for 8-10 hrs, elevation may indicate diabetes mellitus. |
| glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) | blood sugar test to monitor diabetic treatment (glycosylated hemoglobing (Hb coated with sugar)) over past three months (life span of red blood cell 120dys |
| thyroid-stimulating hormone level (TSH) | blood test to measure amount of TSH in blood- diagnosis hypothyroidism and monitor patients on thyroid replacement therapy. |
| thyroxine level (T4) | blood study that gives measurement of amount of thyroxine in blood. Above norm=hyperthyroidism, below=hypothyroidism. |
| exophthalmos | abnormal protrusion of the eyeball |
| hormone | chemical substance secreted by an endocrine gland, carried by blood to a target tissue |
| metabolism | sum total of all chemical processes that take place in a living organism |
| isthmus | narrow strip of tissue connecting two larger parts of the body |
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